PE 1144 
1l6 

1859 
Copy 1 




ORTH AMERICAN 



SPELLING BOOK, 



CONFORMED TO 

WORCESTER'S DICTIONARY. 




KEENE, N. H.: 
PUBLISHED BY G. & G. II. TILDEN, 



rm6 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. J 

f*9 ■ $«¥>« |« , $ 

<£%>// ,L.-& oe l 

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UNITED STATES OE AMERICA.! 






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THE 



NORTH AMERICAN 



SPELLING BOOK, 



CONFORMED TO 



"WORCESTER'S DICTIONARY: 



WITH 



A PROGRESSIVE SERIES OF EASY READING LESSONS, 



v\tf 



By L> W/LEONARD, 

AUTHOR OF THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC CLASS BOOK, AND SEQUEL 
TO EAST LESSONS. 



V 

NEW EDITION, ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. 



KEENE, N. H.: 

PUBLISHED BY G. & G. H. TILDEN. 

1859. 






Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by 

G. & G. H. TILDE X, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of New Hampshire. 



9 cj £ 4 



ELECT ROTYPED AT THE 
OS TON STEREOTYPE F O C F f/ P X. 



PREFACE. 



It is important that a Spelling Book should correspond with the 
Dictionary which is adopted as the standard of Orthography and Pro- 
nunciation. The characters for designating the sounds and powers of 
the letters should be the same in both works, for it must not only be 
a needless waste of time, but perplexing to the minds of children, to 
learn a new system of notation as soon as they begin to use a Dic- 
tionary. 

The North American Spelling Book, as is stated on the title page, is 
conformed to Worcester's Dictionary, a work of superior merit and 
accuracy, and extensively used in the United States. By permission of 
Dr. Worcester, his system of notation has been applied to the spelling 
lessons in this book, and in preparing the work, it has been the com- 
piler's object to adhere strictly to the principles of the Dictionary. In 
some instances, however, vowels in unaccented syllables have the mark 
of a distinct sound, which in the Dictionary are marked as obscure. 

With respect to the division of words into syllables, the Dictionary 
has not always been followed. The object of a Spelling Book is not 
the same as that of a Dictionary, and the words, therefore, have been 
divided in such a manner as seemed most likely to lead to a correct 
pronunciation. 

There is no formal division of the work into chapters or tables. A 
child can find his place to spell or read far more easily by the page 
than by the chapter or table. As each page is divided into short sec- 
tions or paragraphs, the work will be convenient for classes in com- 
mon schools. 

The North American Spelling Book was first published in 1835. 
The favor with which it has been received, and the prospect of a still 
further demand for it, have induced the publisher to enlarge the work, 
and, as the author believes, to improve it. The additions are such as 
the advice of experienced teachers have' suggested. The plan and ar- 
rangement of the book have not been altered. The former edition 
may be used with the new, in the same classes, without much incon- 
venience. The Quarto Dictionary of Dr. Worcester should be used 
as a standard of authority for teaching the young to spell and pro- 
nounce the English language. 

Exeter, N. if., Oct., 1859. 

(3) 



SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. 



As directions and suggestions to teachers, mingled with lessons, serve to embarrass 
rather than aid pupils, none, therefore, are inserted in this book. For competent 
teachers they are not necessary, and by incompetent ones they are not likely to be 
applied correctly. It may be well, however, to give a few general intimations of the 
manner in which the compiler thinks his book may be most advantageously used. 

1. Of teaching the Alphabet in connection with words. 

The Alphabet in its various forms, and the usual lessons of syllables of two, three, 
or four letters, are inserted. It is convenient to have them in the book, for exercises 
in articulation, after pupils have made some progress ; but such unmeaning syllables 
should not be used at first. To teach a child the Alphabet, begin with letter-blocks, 
letter-cards, or reading-frames. If these are not provided, letters may be cut from 
handbills or newspapers. Show the child one let'ter, o, for instance, and when it 
can be readily distinguished, take x. As soon as both have become familiar, place 
them together, o at the left hand of x, and say, o - x, ox; then require the child to 
repeat both the letters and the word, looking at them with close attention. Next 
take the letter b, and when the child can distinguish it from o and x, place it before 
those letters, and say, box, box. Then take the letter f, and proceed in the same 
way, saying, fox, fox. Thus four letters and three words will soon be learned. 
The letter a may now be taken, and when learned, placed before box and fox thus, a 
box, — a fox. Next take the letter t, and with this and those previously learned, form 
the words at, bat, fat ; — a fat ox. Thus proceed, taking one letter after another, till 
the whole alphabet is learned. No more letters and words should be placed before the 
child at one time than can be easily remembered. Before completing the alphabet, 
short sentences, composed of such words as have been learned, should be formed, or 
the Spelling Book may be used, selecting sentences, the words of which are known 
to the pupil, and which can be called at sight, as " A dog can run," — " A bat can 
fly." By carefully proceeding in the above or some similar way, letters and words 
maybe learned at the same time, and the objections urged against commencing with 
letters alone, or with words alone, will be obviated. 

2. After a child has learned the alphabet, and is able to spell and call at sight 
such words as may nave been selected, his attention should be directed to the col- 
umns of words of two and three letters, as exhibited in the Spelling Book Familiar 
oral explanations should be given of the meaning of each word, and if its meaning 
cannot be illustrated by referring to some object or action, then form sentences in 
which it is properly used, — for instance, to explain the meaning of the words now 
and for, say, "It is time now for you to go out," or "?io?r you may go, for it is 
twelve o'clock " 

3. As the reading lessons contain no words (except a few derivatives) that may 
not be found in the previous spelling lessons, it is recommended to teachers who 
may use this book, not to permit a child to advance to a reading lesson, till all the 
words in the spelling lessons that precede it are so familiar that he can utter them 
at sight, without first naming their several letters. If a pupil attempt to read a 
lesson consisting of words which he has not learned to utter at sight, he must stop 
so often and so long, that he entirely loses the meaning of what he tries to read ; 

(4) 



SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. 5 

thus his interest in it is destroyed, and he is in danger, not only of acquiring a habit 
of indistinct articulation, but of hesitating or baiting in all his future efforts to read 
aloud. 

4. The columns of words should be read, or spelled and articulated, from top to 
bottom, till they become familiar to the eye, and they can be enunciated with ease 
and correctness. Afterwards they may be read from left to right; and in putting 
out words to be spelled the order should occasionally be varied 3 this will serve to 
prevent a monotonous pronunciation, to which children are prone, and which a 
similarity of sounds and terminations may tend to produce. 

5. In putting out words to be spelled, the teacher should utter them with such 
clearness of articulation, that they may be distinctly heard and perfectly understood 
by his pupils ; but at the same time he should avoid a formal prominence of sound 
on unaccented syllables. Some teachers, in giving out to a class such words as his- 
torical, admiral, creditable, dicinity, would utler them thus: his-tor'uc-ul, ad'umr-ul, 
cred'ut-ub-ble, duv-In'ut-ty 5 others thus : his-tor'I-cal, ad'ml-ral, cred'I-ta-blc, di- 
vin'I-ty ; both these extremes should be carefully avoided. 

6. In regard to loudness, teachers sometimes err. in putting out words to be 
spelled, by uttering them at the very top of the voice. This unnatural manner ren- 
ders articulation indistinct, and young pupils are apt to imitate it, and in their 
anxiety to speak loud, they scream, shout, or yell, rather than speak. 

7. The key to the sounds of the marked letters is not intended for the use of very 
young pupils. It is inserted at the beginning of the book for the convenience of 
teachers. When a pupil, however, is sufficiently advanced to be able to understand 
the key, the teacher should give such oral explanations as the case may require ; and 
as words with different marks occur, attention should be -called to them, and ques- 
tions asked, till all the characters and sounds which they designate, as applied to 
different vowels and consonants, become perfectly familiar. Teachers should not 
forget to apprise their pupils that a vowel marked at the top of a page or column 
indicates the sound of all the vowels which follow under it, till contradicted by a 
different mark, and that the accented syllable may be known in the same way. 

8. The progress of pupils in learning the key will be greatly facilitated by. giving 
them words to write, and requiring them to affix to them those characters which 
denote their correct pronunciation. It is a useful exercise for children, as soon as 
they are able to write, (and they may, with slates and black-boards, be easily taught 
to form both the Roman and Script letters,) to copy the words of their spelling les- 
sons either on slates or paper. Every one knows how much more perfectly he 
remembers what he has written with care than what he lias merely read. With 
respect to the young, the labor of writing fixes their attention upon the different let- 
ters of words in such a manner that the correct spelling is not likely to be forgotten. 

9. When teachers prescribe a lesson for study, the attention of pupils should be 
called to such peculiarities or difficulties as may be found in any of the words, and 
especially to the method of their classification. Monosyllables, in which different 
vowels and diphthongs sound alike, as cnld, soul, own, moan, are not arranged in the 
same column ; and in each short column of words of more than one syllable, the 
arrangement is not so often according to the vowels in the accented syllables as in 
the unaccented ones. Accented syllables of single vowels are seldom spelled or 
pronounced wrong. Similar unaccented syllables, therefore, are, as much as possi- 
ble, brought together, as, paper, caper, — fatal, naval, — lucid, humid, — crazy, gra- 
ins — favor, labor, — alle?/, voile;/, — sabre, centre, — agency, decency, — deityj laity, 
— testament, filament, — separate, propagate, <fcc. This kind of classification, if 
pointed out to pupils and duly noticed by them, will greatly facilitate correct spell- 
ing. The vowels and diphthongs liable to be confounded are not placed together, 

1* 



6 SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. 

except in cases where it was thought an advantage would be gained by contrast, or 
the irregularity of our spelling rendered it unavoidable. The words in some col- 
umns, however, are nearly all quite different from each other, that the pupils might 
not be led to rely too much upon association, but be obliged to observe closely how 
one differs from another. 

10. Children often waste much time over their spelling lessons, from not knowing 
how to study them. The more times they read over the words, the more, they are 
apt to suppose, they have studied them. But proceeding thus, without carefully no- 
ticing peculiarities, is of little use. They should be taught how to study, and the 
words most likely to be misspelled should be pointed out beforehand. 

11. Calling the letters of whole words without naming the syllables, leads to 
indistinct articulation. After, calling each letter of Jerusalem, a pupil has been heard 
to give the result thus, Jru'slum. But The vowels are often carelessly slurred over, 
even when each syllable is named, especially before the letter r ; robber, for instance, 
is spelled thus : r o b, rob, b'r, ber, robber. Such spelling as the following is some- 
times heard : 1 a r, lar, c', lar'ce, n y, larceny ; i n, in, d i, di, indi, g'nt, gent, 
indigent. 

12. A thorough drilling in the articulation and enunciation of words, is very im- 
portant. Too many leave the spelling hook before they are able to call its words at 
sight, especially the long words. The consequence is, that they are in danger of 
being made poor readers for life. They seldom acquire that facility of utterance 
which is essential to good reading. 

13. In using the exercises in articulation and enunciation, additional words 
should be written on the black-board, containing the vowels, diphthongs, conso- 
nants, and combinations of consonants, which the teacher, at a given time, desires 
his pupils to practise. 

14. It will be a useful exercise for pupils to write lists of words that are difficult, or 
irregular in their orthography, or to add to the lists contained in the Spelling Book; 
for instance, write a list of words in which k before n, or g before n, is silent, — p 
is silent, — ph sounds like f, — ch like k, — ch like sh, — gu like gw, — ui like short 
i, — ou like long o, — ou like short o, — ou like o in move, — ou like broad a, Sec. 
While learning the rules for spelling, pupils should be required to write lists of 
words in conformity with each rule, and its exceptions. 

15. Definitions and examples of the most common prefixes and suffixes are insert- 
ed near the end of the book. As soon as pupils are capable of understanding them, 
they should he exercised in forming and defining derivatives ; — take, for instance, 
the words press, tract, just, scribe, &c. ; write as many derivatives as can be found, 
spelling them correctly and explaining the meaning of the prefixes and suffixes, as 
they are severally applied. Such an exercise will afford much aid, both in correct 
spelling and in learning the meaning of words. 



CHART 



ELEMENTABY SOUNDS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: 

WITH WORCESTER'S NOTATION. 





VOWELS. 




ASPIRATES. 


* 


3UB-- 


BOWELS. 


1. 


e 


in 


eat 


21. 


p in pay 


22. 


b 


in 


hay 


2. 


i 


a 


it 


23. 


f ". fane 


24. 


V 


ii 


Yane 


3. 


a 


a 


site 


25. 


t " ten 


26. 


d 


ii 


den 


4. 


S 


u 


m 


27. 


th " thin 


28. 


th 


ii 


then 


5. 


a 


u 


iir 


29. 


s " seal 


30. 


z 


ii 


zeal 


6. 


a 


u 


M 


31. 


cli " cheiv 


32. 


J 


ii 


jew 


7. 


a 


ii 


'irk 


33. 


sli " shun 


34. 


zh 


ii 


azure 


8. 


a 


u 


&sk 


35. 


k " cake 


36. 


g 


ii 


^ate 


9. 


a 


a 


ill 


37. 


h " hew 










10. 





a 


Ud 


38. 


hw" whew 


39. 


w 


ii 


wen 


11. 


ii 


a 


urn 


DIPHTHONGAL SOUNDS. 


40. 


1 


ii 


lull 


12. 


u 


a 


up 


17. 


i in ice, £ry 


41. 


r 


ii 


rare 


13. 





u 


old 


18. 


ii " due, few 


42. 


m 


ii 


maim 


14. 





a 


obey 


19. 


oi " oi7, 6 by 


43. 


n 


ii 


nim 


15. 


6 


a 


pm 


20. 


bu " bu£, owl 


44. 


ng 


u 


sung 


16. 


u 


a 


pull 




ay " ay 


45. 


y 


ii 


je 



Note. — The elementary sounds in the above chart are exemplified 
in the words annexed to the several numbers, and distinguished by 
Roman letters with their apynopriate marks. For other marked let- 
ters, see the Key. 

(7) 



KEY 

TO THE SOUNDS OF THE MARKED LETTERS. 
VOWELS. 

1. a long-, Fate, pain, aid, player. 

2. & short, Fat, man, lSd, cany. 

3. a long- before r, . . . Fare, pair, bear, prayer. 

4. a Italian or grave, . . Far, father, part, launch. 

5. & intermediate, . . . Fast, branch, grasp, glass. 

6. a broad, Fall, hall, warm, awe, laud. 

7. a obscure, . . . ♦. Liar, palace, rival, abbacy. 

1. e long, Mete, fear, keep, field, ceil. 

2. e short, Met, men, sell, hgad, ferry. 

3. e like a long before r, . There, where, heir. 

4. e obtuse short, . . . Her, herd, fern, fervid. 

5. e obscure, .... Brier, fuel, celery, rely. 

1. i long, Pine, file, bind, mild, fire. 

2. X short, Pin, fill, sit, mirror. 

3. l like long e, . . . Pique, police, marine. 

4. i obtuse short, . . . Fir, sir, bird, virtue. 

5. i obscure, .... Ruin, elixir, ability. 

1. o long, Note, oak, own, soul. 

2. S short, N8t, con, 5dd, borrow. 

3. 6 long and close, . . MOve, s6on, soup, f66d. 

4. o broad, like broad a, . Nor, form, ought, sordid. 

5. 6 like short u, . . . Son, done, come, money. 

6. o obscure, .... Actor, confess, felony. 

1. u long, Tube, time, duty, pure. 

2. u short, ..... Tub, tun, nut, hurry. 

3. u. middle or obtuse, . Bull, full, pull, cushion. 

4. u Zt&e 6 tVi move, . . Rule, true, ruin, fruit. 

5. ii obtuse short, . . . Fiir, turn, murmur, hurt. 

6. u obscure, .... Sulphur, murmur, deputy. 

1- f long, Type, style, rhyme, lyre. 

2. y short, Sylvan, symbol, lyric, lynx. 

(8) 



KEY. 



3. y obtuse short, 

4. y obscure, 

oi and of, 
ou and 6w, . 
ew, like long u, 



Myrrh, myrtle, myrmidon. 
Truly, envy, martyr, polygon. 

Boil, toil, boy, toy. 
Bound, out, town, now. 
Few, new, dew, jewel. 



CONSONANTS. 

9, 9, soft, like s, . . . Acid, placid, docile, process. 
•€, c, hard, like k, . . . Flaycid, sceptic, vaccine. 

€H, ch, /mrd, /iArc k, . . -Character, chiasm, chorus. 
^H, qh, so/if, Zf&e s, . . £haise, chevalier, champaign 
CH, ch, (unmarked) like tsh, Charm, church, chat, chapel. 

. -Get, give, gift, gimlet. 

. (Render, giant, rigid, logic. 

. Mu§e, choose, wi§e, vi§it. 

. Example, exist, exact. 

. This, thee, then, thither. 



-G-, g, hard, 



<?, & soft, Wee j 9 . 
S, §, soft, like z, . . 
x, soft or flat, like gz, 
TH, th, soft or flat, 



TH, th, (unmarked,) sharp, Thin, think, pith, truth, 
tion 



sion. 



like shun, 



sion, like zhun, 



cean 
cian 



j Nation, notion, action. 
I Pension, mission, passion. 
. . Confusion, virion, explosion. 

j Ocean. 

\ Optician, politician. 

( Commercial, social. 

< Controversial. 

( Partial, martial, nuptial. 

( Farinaceous, testaceous. 
} Capacious, ferocious. 
( Sententious, vexatious. 

( Courageous, advantageous. 
\ Religious, contagious. 

qu, (unmarked,) like kw, Queen, question, quill. 

wh, (unmarked,) like hw, When, while, what. 

ph, (unmarked,) like f, . Phantom, phrase, seraph. 




like slum. 



like shal, 



like shus, 



like jus, 



10 REMARKS ON THE KEY. 



REMARKS ON THE KEY. 

The words used in the above Key, as examples for 
illustration, exhibit accurately, when pronounced by 
correct speakers, the different sounds of the several 
vowels and consonants. 

Towels not marked, nor governed by any mark in 
the column or columns above, (with the exception of 
y,) are silent : thus, a in beat, boat, e in give, able, 
harden, i in pain, field, o in people, mason, famous, u 
in course, haul, w in law, borrow, are not sounded. Y 
unmarked is obscure, except in diphthongs, where with- 
out a mark it is silent, as in key, honey. 

The sound of a indicated by this mark (a) is never 
heard except when it precedes r, as in care, fair, bear, 
parent. 

The letter a with this mark (a) as in bass, past, pant, 
asp, dance, has an intermediate sound between the 
short sound of a in fat, man, and the Italian a as in 
far, father. 

The peculiar sounds of the vowels e, i, u, and y, 
marked thus, (e, 1', u, jr,) occur when they are suc- 
ceeded by r final, or by r followed by some other conso- 
nant, as in her, herd, sir, bird, cur, curd, myrrh, myrtle, 
plainly differing from their proper short sound in met, 
merry, pin, mirror, hut, hurry, lymph, lyric. 

Vowels marked with a dot underneath, thus, (a, e, i, 
o, u,) are found only in unaccented syllables, and over 
which the organs of speech pass slightly in pronouncing 
thein, as a in rival, e in brier, &c. This mark does not 
indicate that the vowel under which it is placed loses 
its appropriate sound. In a majority of cases, it indi- 
cates an indistinct short sound of the vowels, as in 



REMARKS ON THE KEY. 11 

tenable, mental, adore, travel, peril, idol, forum, carry ; 
but in many cases, it indicates a slight or unaccented 
long sound, as in carbonate, sulphate, ebony, omit, fo- 
ment,- follower, educate, congratulate, gradual, value, 
nature. The letter w in the last five words is pro- 
nounced like yu, slightly articulated. 

The vowels marked as obscure, when followed by r 
in final unaccented syllables, and in some other situa- 
tions, have no perceptible difference of sound, as in liar, 
baker, nadir, actor, sulphur, zephyr. The vowel o in 
final unaccented syllables, when followed by other con- 
sonants, as n, p, t, m, can scarcely be distinguished 
from u obscure, as in patron, gallon, gallop, bigot, cus- 
tom. 

In order to pronounce accurately, great attention 
must be paid to the unaccented vowels. Some give 
them an undue prominence, which makes their reading 
appear artificial and affected, while others utter them 
with such negligence, that almost every vowel, when 
unaccented, is changed into u obscure : thus the words 
animal, dialect, society, prudence, divisible, dominion, 
obey, polypus, are pronounced as if spelled aniuml, dia- 
lect, sociwty, prudwnce, dwviswble, wbey, polypus. 

When u long begins a word, it sounds like yu, as in 
use, unite, union, usage, utensil. In the derivatives 
of this class of words u retains the same sound, as in 
disunite, unusual, inure. Peruse, abuse, perusal, are 
exceptions. 

Some of the irregular or convertible sounds of the 
vowels are not marked in the Key : when they occur in 
this book, the vowel with its appropriate mark is placed 
over them, as 5 over a in wash, and a over ex in reign, 
and ey in they. 



12 REMARKS ON THE KEY. 

SILENT LETTERS. 

The unmarked vowels, (with the exception of #,) be- 
ing silent, they are not, therefore, printed in Italics in 
order to designate them. The following consonants, 
being almost always silent in the situations described, 
are not italicized in this work. 

B is silent before t and after m in the same syllable, 
as in debt, lamb. 

C preceded by s, and followed by e or j, is silent, as 
in scene, science. C is silent before k, as in back, rock, 
bucket. 

Gr is silent before n in the same syllable, as in gnat, 
design. 

Gh is generally silent at the end of a word or sylla- 
ble, as in sigh, though. 

Ght always sounds like t, as in thought, caught, ex- 
cept in draught, (draft.) 

H is always silent after r, as in rhyme, rhubarb, rhet- 
oric. 

K is always silent before n in the same syllable, as in 
knit, know. 

L is silent between a and k, and a and m, in the same 
syllable, as in ivalk, talk, chalk, balm, alms, psalm. L 
is sounded in realm, because the a is silent. L is silent 
in the following words : calf, half, calve, halve, salve, 
could, should, would. 

N preceded by m is silent when it ends a syllable, as 
in hymn, solemn, condemn. 

P. between m and t is silent, as in tempt, empty, re- 
demption, and before s and n at the beginning of a syl- 
lable, as psalm, pneumatics. 

W is always silent before r, as in wren, wrinkle, 
wrong. 



REMARKS ON THE KEY. 13 

Other silent letters liable to be mistaken are printed 
in Italics. 

In words ending in le preceded by a consonant, e is 
silent, or very slightly sounded, before the I, as in able, 
bible, apple, pronounced, a'bl, bi'bl, ap'pl. 

Re at the end of words sound like er, as in centre, 
acre. 

Ue after q or g hard is silent, as in pique, opaque, 
rogue, vogue. 

SOUNDS OP C, G, AND N. 

C sounds like k before t, as in fact, strict, direct, con- 
duct. 

C and G have their hard sounds at the end of sylla- 
bles, and before a, o, u, I, and r ; and their soft sounds 
before e, i, and y. The exceptions are marked, as the 
c in ag'id, and the g in get. 

N has two counds, one a simple and pure sound, as in 
pan, nun, nap; the other a compound or mixed sound, 
or a weak sound of ng, when, in an accented syllable, it 
is followed by c or g hard, k, q, or x, as in uncle, fin- 
ger, tankard, vanquish, anxious, pronounced ung'kle, 
fing'ger, tang'kard, vang'quish, angk f shus. 

ACCENT. 

The mark of accent, thus, ( ' ) shows that the sylla- 
ble, after which it is placed, should be pronounced with 
a stronger and fuller sound of the voice, as pa'per, de- 
mand'. The double accent, thus, (" ) denotes that 
the c or t, which follows and sounds like sh, should be 
united to the preceding syllable, N as in con-di"tion, de- 
ficient, pronounced con-dish'un, de-fish'ent. 

Most words of more than two syllables have more than 
2 



14 EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION. 

one syllable in some degree accented. The primary 
accent is marked as above indicated. Syllables on 
which the secondary accent falls have a mark denoting 
a distinct sound placed over them, while those that are 
more feebly uttered have a dot underneath them ; for 
instance, the word Sb'di-cate has the primary accent on 
the first, and the secondary on the last syllable ; com- 
mem-o-ra'tion has the primary accent on the fourth and 
the secondary on the second ; rec-ol-lect' has the prima- 
ry accent on the third or last, and the secondary on the 
first syllable. 



EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION. 

It is a point of great importance that every learner of 
the English language should be taught to articulate per- 
fectly and with facility every original and simple sound 
that belongs to it. 

The elementary sounds of our language, as distin- 
guished in Worcester's Dictionary, are exhibited in the 
following table. 

In performing these exercises, the teacher should 
utter one of the words, containing a given element, and 
then utter forcibly and distinctly the elementary sound 
by itself. The pupils in a class should then, individu- 
ally, first with, and afterwards without the accompani- 
ment of the teacher's voice, utter the given word and its 
element. At length the whole class should practise the 
same simultaneously. Great care should be taken that 
the enunciation be clear and animated, yet natural, and 
free from the vehemence of shouting, or vociferation. 

The obscure sounds of the vowels should not be at- 
tempted by themselves. 



EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION. 



15 



SOUNDS OP VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS. 



a, Ail, aim, pay. 

&, At, fat, man. 

a, Fare, pair, bear, 

a, Far, arm, aunt, 

a, Ask, past, grass, 

a, Awl, awe, laud, 

a, Liar, real, abet, 

e, Me, eat, eel, field. 

g, Met, head, leopard. 



Her, sir, cur, myrrh. 



10. 
11. 

21. 

99 



i,y,Ruin, direct, envy. 

12. o, No, oak, soul, own. 

13. 8, Not, sod, top, wad. 

14. 6, Move, soon, soup. 

15. o, Nor, form, sordid, 
o, Labor, obey, memory. 

16. J > Tube, tune, duty, few. 
ew,S J 

17. u, Tub, cup, done. 

18. fi, Bull, full,foot,book. 
u, Cherub, submit. 



f,5|(H] 



20. .. „ ' > Our,bout,town,now. 
ow, ) 



24. 

25. 
26. 

27. 
28. 
29. 



19...^ Oil, toil, boy, toy. 

e, Brier, poet, betray. 
I, y, Pine, ice, type, try. 
i, y, Pin, in, it, hymn. 

SOUNDS OF CONSONANTS. 

30. n, An, nun, nine. 

31. ng, Sing, running, sang, 

32. p, Pea, pipe, paper. 

33. r, Kipe, pry, rare, war 

34. s, c, Cease, see, its, miss. 

35. t, Time, tun, tent. 

36. v, Vane, vine, valve. 

37. w, "Wane, we, wind. 

38. y, Ye, you, use. 

39. z, s, Zone, maze, rose. 

40. ch, Charms, church. 



b, Babe, robe, bee. 
Cake, chord, liquor, 



k, 

ch, 

q> 

d, Do, did, done, dot. 

f ' 1 

ph, [Fife, phrase, cough. 

h Ga s> s a y> g°> mu s- 

h, He, hay, home, hoe. 
j»£> Joy, judge, age. 
1, Lull, all, lily, 
m, Am, aim, maim. 



sh } 

41. , ' fShoe, chaise, nations. 

42. th, This, thee, thither. 



16 EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION. 



43. tli, Thin, mouth, truth, 

44. zh, Azure, pleasure. 

J ' (Wax, box, rocks. 
ks,> * ' 

C Insist, exhort. 



kw '^ Quill, quit, quote. 

hw, While, white, what. 

sw ~? 

\ C Sweet, suasion, 
su, > 9 

dw, Dwell, dwindle. 



Some orthoepists give r two sounds, one initial, or 
before a vowel, and the other final, or before a conso- 
nant ; the first is called hard, as in ray, pray ; the sec- 
ond soft, as in far, farm. 

The vowel o is marked short in words ending mfft, 
ss, st, th, as in scoff, loft, loss, lost, cloth, also in gone, 
long, wrong, &c. ; but the sound commonly heard in 
these words approaches broad a or broad o. A medium 
between short o, and broad a or o, is said to be the 
practice of the best speakers. 

In the words whole, spoke, cloak, coat, stone, and 
some others, the o is marked long ; but in this country, 
especially in New England, it is somewhat shortened, 
as will be evident on hearing the words hole and 
whole, boat and coat, uttered. This sound of o is near- 
ly the same as the indistinct short sound of o, or o ob- 
scure, as in hero, omit, history. 

Vowels are vocal sounds. They are produced by 
some action in the throat, the result of which is called 
voice. A vowel then is voice modified, but not inter- 
rupted, by the various positions of the. tongue and lips. 
The differences of vowels depend upon the proportions 
between the opening of the lips and the cavity of the 
mouth, which is altered by the different elevations of 
the tongue. 

Diphthongal Sounds. Two simple vocal sounds, pro- 
nounced rapidly in one syllable, constitute a diphthongal 
sound. These sounds are sometimes called compound 
vowels. Three vocal sounds in one syllable constitute 
a triphthong. 



SPELLING BOOK. 







ALPHABET. 




Roman. 


Italic. 


Old English. 


XtOtttftt. 


A 


a 


A a 


% a 


H m 


B 


b 


B b 


JB ft 


Q k 


C 


c 


C 'c 


© t 


G j 


D 


a 


D d 


m Xf 


o 


E 


e 


E e 


3S t 


Z q 


F 


f 


r f 


ffi t 


N 1 


G 


o 


& 9 


<& s 


A p 


H 


h 


H h 


m *> 


E r 


I 


i 


I i 


S i 


F n 


J 


J 


J J 


3 i 


P i 


K 


k 


K h 


ft u 


c g 


L 


1 


L I 


Jl I 


S e 


M 


m 


M m 


JW m 


M d 


N 


n 


N n 


TST n 


E a 








o 


® 


J f 


P 


P 


P p 


li » 


X b 


Q 


q 


Q q 


&> <* 


y h 


R 


r 


R r 


m v 


D c 


S 


s 


S s 


S 6 


U s 


T 


t 


T t 


c t 


K w 


U 


u 


U u 


n it 


V u 


V 


V 


V v 


T b 


B v 


w 


w 


W v) 


am to 


W z 


X 


x 


X x 


X V 


L y 


Y 


y 


Y y 


* s? 


T t 


Z 


z 


Z z 


z ? 


I X 




& 


& 
2* 


«5 


& 



18 ALPHABET. 

Roman Letters. 

ABC'DEP. GHIJKLMN 

a b c d e f g h i j k 1 m n 

OPQRSTUVWXYZ 

opqrstuv wxyz 

Italic Letters. 

A B CDEFGHIJKLMN 
a bcdefghijklmn 

OPQRSTUV WXYZ 

o p q r s t u v lo x g z 

Roman Letters out of Order. 

DR'QNBGUALJMHSP 

d r q n b g u a 1 j m h s p 

T C Z W K Y V X I F E 

toczwkyvxife 

Aspirates (see Chart, page 7) are articulated breath. 
They have not that kind of sound called vocality. They 
are produced by a current of the whispering breath, in- 
terrupted and modified by the organs of speech. The 
element /*, however, is not articulated ; it is simply a 
strong emission of breath. 

Sub-vowels are articulated with vocality. They have 
some voice in them. The aspirates are sometimes called 
whispered, and the sub-vowels spoken consonants. 



MANUSCRIPT LETTERS, &c. 19 

Manuscript Letters. 

©*r & <% m $, \& <$ 3? g? f 

a / c ^ 6 f ? ™ * / 

'&?. W Grt Q#- 6> 2£ j2 M g? & 

4 / m n o ft, a z 4 t 

m w 7f @? f } 

a, v w x y x 

READING. 

2a?ie, Zodn> G^nn, ^daz&t, ®M-n, jMetezt. 

2a nc tii a aood an/. /cn,n u) a aood freu. 

Q?&n,n fia* a new froeft. ^/covert m at /ieme. 
^SdaZMA c-J ao ne to dcnooc. 0$en id at J20e<iton. 

Vowels, a e i o n, and sometimes w and j. 
Consonants, bcdfghjklmnpqrstvxz. 



Labial, or lip letters, b p m w v f. Dental, or teeth 
letters, d t g £ s z. Palatic, or mouth letters, k £ g y. 
Aspirate, or breathing, h. Nasal, or nostril letter, n. 
Lingual, or tongue letters, 1 r. Palatic and dental, x. 



Double and Triple Letters. ^ECEsecefffimflffl; 



Figures. 1 2 3 4 5 6 T 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30. 



20 



PICTURE ALPHABET. 

PICTURE ALPHABET. 



A 

a 

Acorn. 





B 

b 
Balloon. 





c 

Cow. 




Indian. 




D 

d 
Dog 





':"! I 1 |F~^ 



E 

e 
Easrle. 





F 


^g^ 


L 




Mit 


f 


'■fc? 


1 


43 




Fox. 


SliP 


Lion. 


^3r 





PICTURE ALPHABET. 



21 



M 
m 

Moon. 






Ship. 



N 


msOM^ 


T 




nri! 




n 

Nest, 


IIP 


t 
Tiger. 


m 

m 


^$m5& 


- 




22 SYLLABLES AND WORDS OF TWO LETTERS. 



Long Vowel Sounds. 

Ba be bi bo bu by da de di do du dy 

fa fe fi fo fu fy ga go gu lia he hi 

ho hu by ja je ge ji gi jo ju jy gy 

ka ga ke ki ko go ku gu ky la le li 

lo lu ly ma me mi mo mu my na ne ni 

no 11 u ny pa pe pi po pu py ra re ri 

ro ru ry sa se ce si 51 so su sy ey 

ta te ti to tu ty va ve vi vo vu vy 

wa we wi wo wy ya ye yi yo yu za ze 

zi zo zu zy 



Short Vowel Sounds. 

Ab eb ib ob ub ad ed id od ud af ef 

if uf ag eg ig og ug ak ac ek eg ik 

ig ok og uk ug al el il ol ul am em 

im om urn an en in on un ap ep ip op 

up ar er ir or ur es os us at et it 

ot ut av ev iv ov of uv ax ex ix ox 

ux az as ez iz is oz uz 

am in ov of as go 110 so lo ho 

an it on us is oh be he we me 

at if ox up or ye my by fy I 



pa 


ah 


do- 


AA 

00 


au 


61 


bu 


ma 


ha 


to 


ru 


aw 


oy 


ow 



READING LESSONS. 23 



I am. 


I do. 


Go in. 


He is. 


We do. 


Go on. 


I go. 


An ox. 


Do go. 


We go. 


My ox. 


Go up. 


I am up. 


I do so. 


Go by me. 


He is in. 


So do I. 


We go by. 


I go up. 


Ye do so. 


I go in. 


"We go in. 


So do we. 


It is so. 


It is no ox. 


It is an ox. 


My pa is in. 


Is it so ? 


My ox is up. 


He is by me. 


It is so. 


He is to go. 


I go to ma. 


So it is. 


I am to be. 


So do I go. 


I am to go. 


Do as I do. 


It is to be so. 


Ye do go. 


Do as we do. 


I am to be in. 


If I do go. 


Do so to me. 


He is up to us. 


So do ye. 


If ye do so. 


I am to go on. 


Is he up ? 


Is he to go in ? 


Lo, he is on it. 


He is up. 


No, he is to go on. 


I go up by it. 


Is he in ? 


Is he to be up ? 


Do we go at it ? 


He is in. 


He is to be up. 


We do go at it. 


He is as I am. 


Do we go in ? 


Am I to go by ? 


Is my ox in ? 


We do go in. 


No, ye go in. 


No ox is in. 


Do so to me. 


My pa is in. 



24 SYLLABLES AND WORDS. 



bla 


cla 


gla 


pla 


sla 


sha 


sta 


sua 


ble 


cle 


gle 


pie 


sle 


she 


ste 


sue 


bli 


cli 


gli 


P ii 


sli 


shi 


sti 


sni 


bio 


clo 


glo 


plo 


slo 


sho 


sto 


sno 


blu 


clu 


glu 


plu 


slu 


shu 


stu 


snu 


bra 


era 


dra 


gra 


fra 


pra 


tra 


wra 


bre 


ere 


dre 


gre 


fre 


pre 


tre 


wre 


bri 


cri 


clri 


gri 


fri 


pri 


tri 


wri 


bro 


ero 


dro 


gro 


fro 


pro 


tro 


wro 


brti 


cru 


dru 


gru 


frti 


pru 


tru 


wru 


ska 


cha 


tha 


pha 


sea 


swa 


spa 


kna 


ske 


che 


the 


phe 


see 


swi 


spe 


kne 


ski 


chi 


thi 


phi 


sci 


swi 


spi 


kni 


sko 


cho 


tho 


pho 


SCO 


swo 


spo 


kno 


sku 


elm 


thu 


phu 


SCU 


swu 


spu 


knu 


rlia 


stra 


spra 


sera 


tlira 


shra 


spla 


phra 


rhe 


stre 


spre 


sere 


thre 


shre 


sple 


phre 


rhi 


stri 


spri 


scri 


thri 


shri 


spli 


squa 


rho 


stro 


spro 


scro 


thro 


shro 


splo 


sque 


rnti 


strtl 


spru 


scrii 


thru 


shrti 


spin 


squi 


% 


p 1 ! 


dry 


WJ 


shy 


spy 


thy 


wry. 


sly 


cry 


fry 


try 


sky 


sty 


why 


spry 






Reading 


Lessons. 






Why 


clo ye so ? Try to do it. 


My ox 


is dry. 




Why 


do ye cry ? I do try. 




Thy ox is spry 




The ox is shy. He 


is to try. 


We try 


to go. 





It is a fly. Why is he shy ? It is up in the sky. 

Try to go. I am to try. A fly is up in the sky. 

My ox is to go. He is to try. No, he is in the sty. 



WORDS OP THREE LETTERS. 



25 



a 

bat 


e 

bet 


i 
bit 


cat 


let 


fit 


hat 


met 


hit 


fat 


net 


pit 


bad 


bed 


bid 


lad 


led 


lid 


had 


fed 


hid 


mad 


red 


did 


bag 
hag 
rag 
tag 


beg 
leg 
peg 
keg- 


big 

pig 
fig- 
dig 


can 
fan 


den 
hen 


pin 
tin 


man 


men 


fin 


ran 


ten 


sin 


mat 
rat 


pet 
set 


sit 
kit 


pat 
sat 


wet 

jet 


lit 
wit 


cab 


web 


nib 


dab 
nab 


bib 
fib 


jib 
rib 



o 

bot 
cot 
hot 

dot 

cod 
hod 
nod 
rod 

bog 
dog 
log 
hog 

con 
don 
yon 
non 

not 
got 
lot 
pot 

job 
rob 

sob 



u 

but 
cut 
hut 
nut 

cud 
bud 
mud 
rud 

bug- 
dug 
mug 
hug 

fun 



run 
sun 

rut 
jut 
gut 
tug 

cub 
rub 
tub 



Reading Lessons. 

The cat bit the rat. The dog bit the pig. 

The man is in the cab. A fly is in the web. 
The lad fed the hen. The cat is on the mat, 



The dog did beg. 
A cat is on the bed. 
The kit is by the cat. 



He had a fat hen. 
The man met a dog. 
The dog ran at a pig. 



26 WORDS OP THREE LETTERS. 



cap 


dip 


hip 


fop 


cup 


tap 


G5d 


lap 


Kp 


rip 


hop 


sup 


rap 


pod 


map 


sip 


nip 


mop 


pup 


sap 


sod 


nap 


tip 


pip 


top 


tut 


gap 


tod 


gad 


jag 


wed 


jig 


rug 


sot 


bun 


pad 


cag 


get 


rig 


jug 


rot 


dun 


sad 


nag 


yet 


wig 


pug 


jot 


pun 


fag 


wag 


yes 


gig 


lug 


wot 


nun 


ham 


dam 


gnm 


hem 


ban 


pen 


cob 


jam 


dim 


hum 


gem 


pan 


fen 


cog 


ram 


rim 


rum 


j in 


tan 


hen 


jog 


yam 


him 


sum 


win 


van 


wen 


fog 


lax 


sex 


fix 


ha§ 


o 

wad 


bur 


son 


tax 


yex 


mix 


hi§ 


wan 


fur 


ton 


wax 


box 


six 


kin 


was 


cur 


won 


axe 


fox 


pix 


tid 


wat 


pur 


one 


bar 


ma 


ark 


or 


and 


Ssh 


add 


far 


par 


arm 


nor 


end 


elm 


odd 


car 


tar 


art 


for 


act 


elf 


ebb 


jar 


are 


urn 


orb 


apt 


eld 


egg 


ell 


Ann 


ode 


age 


ace 


ask 


hub 


ill 


ink 


ope 


ate 


ice 


ant 


nub 


off 


imp 


ape 


ale 


ire 


asp 


dub 


inn 


elk 


old 


ore 


eve 


aft 


sub 






Reading Lesson. 






Ask 


me to 


go in. 




Do no ill. 


Do no sin. 


She has a map. 




Do I go to bed ? 




No ink is in the pen. 




She has a 


fan. 





WORDS OF THREE LETTERS. 



27 



bay gay hay 


pea 


die 


hie 


toe 


day jay ray 


sea 


lie 


fie 


hoc 


may lay pay 


tea 


tie 


vie 


foe 


say nay way 


yea 


pie 


doe 


woe 


due law daw 


cow 


bow 


boy 


rye 


hue paw caw 


how 


mow 


toy 


dye 


cue raw haw 


now 


sow 


joy 


lye 


sue saw jaw 


vow 


owl 


coy 


eye 


our owe whd 


you 


use 


awe 


5ft 


out own two 


yew 


use 


awl 


6ft 


Reading Lessons. 






A dog can run. 




The sun is up. 




A bat can fly. 




The way 


is dry. 




Why do you cry ? 




Ann is not up. 




The dog bit me. 




She is yet in bed. 




He is not mad. 




She has had her nap. 


Do not vex him. 




Now let her get up. 




Tie up the cow. 




See my : 


tin box. 




She is to be fed. 




It has a 


lid on it. 




It is a red cow. 




My pen 


is dry. 




I can see her. 




Dip it in 


the ink. 




Ann saw the owl. 




May we 


go out ? 




And I saw him. 




You may go out. 




We saw him fly. 




The fox 


got the hen 




He was far off. 




The dog 


got the fox 


• 


Who has my axe ? 




He was 


not a bad boy. 


An axe is in the pen 




Do not vex him. 




Ten men are in the car. 


He is not yet of age 





28 



WORDS OF THREE AND FOUR LETTERS. 



aid • 


eat 


oak 


m 


new 


few 


low 


ail 


ean 


oat 


loo 


dew 


Jew 


tow 


aim 


ear 


oar 


coo 


hew 


mew 


mow 


rain 


hear 


coat 


woo 


pew 


tew 


sow 


bee 


gee 


buv 


her 


air 


sir 


all 


fee 


lee 


guy 


err 


hair 


fir 


ball 


see 


tree 


why 


were 


fair 


bird 


call 


war 


put 


a 

bey 


its 


give 


Jane 


J5hn 


warm 


puss 


dey 


sits 


live 


cane 


gone 


warn 


bush 


they 


fits 


have 


lane 


from 


ro§e 


your 


hill 


come 


mean 


sore 


s66n 


nose 


tour 


fill 


some 


bean 


more 


moon 


hose 


rue 


till 


done 


lean 


tore 


noon 


pose 


true 


will 


none 


wean 


wore 


poor 


Ruth 


shoe 


key . 


i 

been 


6 

sew 


eel 


ewe 



I see the sun. 
You may get up. 
It is a warm day. 
"We may go out. 
The dew is off. 
Let us 2:0 now. 



Reading Lessons. 

Run and get my cap. 
It is a new fur cap. 
I can not see it. 
It is on the box. 
Let me put it on. 
Now let us run. 



A bird is on the bush. 
Now he is in the air. 
Do see him fly. 
Pus's can not get him. 

Will you buy me a cap ? 

No, I can not. 

The tree is on the hill. 



Come and tie my shoe. 
Sit by me and I will tie it. 
Run now in the lane. 
It is a fair and warm day. 

Have you seen the moon ? 
No, the moon is not up. 
The cow runs in the lane. 



READING LESSONS. 



29 



How old are you ? 
I am six. 

Is Jane as old as you ? 
No, she is not. 
How old is Jane ? 
She is two. 

It is a wet day. 
We can not go out. 
The sun is not out. 
It was out at six. 
Yes, at six, I saw it. 
I can not see it now. 

The cat is on the bed. 
Did you put her up ? 
No, I did not. 
I saw her get up. 
Puss, why do you so ? 
The bed is not for a cat. 

My pen is too bad. 
I can not u§e it. 
Get me a new pen. 
Let me cut the nib. 
Now you may try it. 
It is fit for use. 

John has a new pen. 
How did he get it ? 
He had to pay for it. 



1. 

My hat is wet. 
It is wet on the top. 
How did you wet it ? 
The rain wet it. 
Do not put it on. 
It is not dry. 

2. 

See the dog on the mat. 

He is not to lie on it. 

He is too wet. 

Bid him go out. 

Get up, dog ; go out. 

You may lie in the sun. 
3. 

You can not see me. 

No, we can not see you. 

Why can you not see me 1 

I am not far off. 

You are not far off. 

But you are hid. 

4. 

Ann can sew and hem. 
Did she hem my cap. 
Yes, I saw her do it. 
Can she sew my ball ? 
You may ask her to do it. 
She may do it, if she can. 

5. 

Put the ball in the box. 
Jane, give me my cane. 
John, give me my key. 



30 READING LESSONS. 

1. 

I met a man who had a dog and a gun. 
The dog met a cat, and the cat ran up a tree. 
The cat was so far up, the dog did not get her. 
A dog can not run up a tree as a cat can. 

2. 
The ink is all out of my pen. 
Give me the pen. I can dip it in the ink. 
See me dip it. Now it has ink on it. 
Do not let the ink get on your map. 

3. 
Is Ruth up ? No, Ruth is not up. 
Ann is up. She got up at six. She is gone out. 
Get up, Ruth. Do not lie in bed. It is day. 
The sun is up. Go out and see the cow. 

4. 

The cat has put her paw on my arm. 
I can not let you do so, puss. 
My arm is not for your paw to lie on. 
Put it oif, or I may pull you by the ear. 

5. 

May I buy me a new top ? 
Yes, you may, if you can pay for one. 
You may buy a mug for Jane. 
And a tin cup for John. 

6. 
A hen can fly, but she can not fly far. 
The fox got a hen and ate her all up. 
The dog ran at the fox, but the fox got off. 
The fox got to her den, and ran in, 

7. 
The old ox has run to the top of the hill. 
Let him be. Let him eat his fill. 
He is not a bad ox. 



READING LESSONS, 31 

1. Do you see the bee on the rose ? The rose is wet. 
The dew is not off. But the sun is up, and the bee is 
up. He is on the rose to get wax out of it. 

2. Has the bee got a leg ? Yes, he has six. A boy 
has but two. A bee can fly. A boy can not fly. No, 
a boy can run. 

3. The bee is up in the air now. We can not see 
him. He is far off. As you and I can not fly, let us 
run. Now we go. 

4. My fig is not fit to eat. It is too dry. May I get 
one out of the box ? Yes, you may get six. Get two 
for Jane, two for Ann, and two for you. 

5. My shoe fits me. I can put it on. May I go to 
see John ? No, John is gone out. He is gone to see 
the boy who is ill. The boy was out in the wet, and 
now he has to lie in bed all day. 

6. A fly has lit on my cup of tea, He is on the rim 
of the cup. The tea is too hot for him. He can not 
sip it up. Go, fly. Do not sit on the cup. He is gone. 
I see him on the box. 

7. See the boy in the lane. How gay he is ! He can 
run and hop. He has a hoe, and he can dig. He is of 
use. How old is he ? He is but six yet. He was six 
in May. 

8. My map is wet. Do see how wet it is. Did John 
wet it ? I can not say. I did not see him do it. It is 
so wet, I can not use it. You may lay it in the sun, 
and let it dry. 

9. Did you see the boy run ? No, I did not see him. 
Why did lie run ? He ran to get at the cat. But he 
did not get her. Puss got out of his way. See ! she is 
on the top of a box. He can not go to her. 

10. Will you go now ? No, not now. Why not ? 
It is too soon. I will go at noon, if my ma will let me. 
Put on your coat and go now. No, I can not. 



32 READING LESSONS. 

The Rose Bud. 

See the rose bud on the bush. How red it is at the 
tip ! It will soon be out, and we can see a new, red 
rose. If it come out to-day, you may have it, and give 
it to Jane. 

The New Ball. 

1. See my new ball, Ann. How it will hop ! 

2. Oh, John, the ball has hit me on my eye. I can 
not see. You are a bad boy, John, to let your ball hop 
at my eye. Let me go. 

3. Do not cry, Ann. I did not mean to do it. Do 
not rub your eye. If you rub it, it will be sore. It was 
bad for me to do so. I will try to do so no more. 

Tfie Bad Dog. 

1. Oh ! the dog has bit my arm. My arm is red. 
You are a bad dog. Yes, you are a bad dog to do so. 

2. Did I not pat you ? Were you not fed by me ? 
Did I not get you a warm bed to lie on ? Did I not dry 
you, if you got wet ? Yes, I did. 

3. But you have bit my arm. Go, dog. Let me see 
you no more to-day. Go, lie on your bed. Do not get 
up till I call you. 

Spelling Lesson. 









o 




a 


dust 


such 


hurt 


what 


wont 


trey 


gust 


much 


lurk 


wash 


once 


sley 


must 


hush 


murk 


want 


doth 


prey 


rust 


rush 


Turk 


wasp 


does 


whey 



"What is the soxmd of u in dust ? of u in hurt ? of a in what f of o in 
wont t of ey in trey t 



READING LESSONS. 33 

Tlie Bad Boy. 

1. A boy had a dog. He was a bad boy, and one 
day he set his dog on a cow. The dog ran at the cow, 
and bit her leg. 

2. The cow ran to get out of the way of the dog, and 
hit Ruth on her harm. Her arm was so much hurt, it 
had to be cut off. 

3. How sad to have but one arm ! How bad the boy 
was to set his dog on the cow ! Ruth can not be of so 
much use now as she was. 

4. Poor Ruth! Her arm is gone. She can not 
have a new arm. She can not sew nor hem as she did. 
How sad she must be ! 

The Fly in the Web. 

1. A fly is in the web. It is in a cob-web. It can 
not get out. How it does hum ! Hear it. Oh, fly ! 
why did you get in the web ? I can not get you out, if 
I try. 

2. He, who sits in his den, is a foe to you, and to all 
who come in his way. He will eat you up. He can 
sup on the leg of a fly. 

8. See, he has got you up in his don now. No more 
can you sit on the rim of my cup, and try to sip the hot 
tea. You can hum no more in the warm sun. 

4. Poor fly! you arc to be eat up by him, who sits 
in his den, and gets a fly as oft as he can. 

Dictation Exercises, or Exercises for "Writing, are inserted in this 
edition of the North American Spelling Book at the suggestion of 
teachers who have been in the practice of using them. Teachers 
should add others, which they can easily do ; they can thus adapt 
them to the immediate wants of their pupils, 



34 



WORDS OP FOUR LETTERS. 



babe 


came 


dame 


cape 


fate 


cave 


fade 


fame 


tame 


tape 


gate 


gave 


lade 


game 


bane 


nape 


hate 


pave 


made 


lame 


vane 


rape 


late 


rave 


wade 


name 


name 


bate 


mate 


save 


jade 


same 


pane 

9 


date 


rate 


wave 


cage 


bake 


sake 


gaze 


dale 


bide 


gage 


cake 


wake 


haze 


gale 


hide 


page 


lake 


face 


maze 


pale 


ride 


rage 


make 


lace 


safe 


base 


side 


sage 


rake 


pace 


sate 


case 


tide 


wage 


take 


race 

3. 
file 


pate 


vase 


wide 


dime 


line 


fife 


dire 


pipe 


lime 


mine 


mile 


life 


fire 


ripe 


time 


nine 


pile 


wife 


hire 


wipe 


dine 


pine 


tile 


dike 


mire 


rise 


fine 


vine 


vile 


like 


tire 


wise 


kine 


wine 


wile 


pike 


wire 


rive 


dive 


dice 


4. 
lobe 


dote 


hole 


bone 


hive 


mice 


robe 


note 


mole 


cone 


five 


nice 


bode 


vote 


pole 


hone 


bite 


vice 


code 


cote 


dome 


lone 


kite 


rice 


mode 


joke 


home 


tone 


size 


lice 


rode 


yoke 


Rome 


zone 


cope 


bore 


5. 

hove 


cube 


dupe 


here 


hope 


core 


rove 


tube 


huge 


mere 


pope 


fore 


cove 


lute 


fume 


mete 


rope 


gore 


wove 


mute 


June 


cede 


dose 


pore 


doge 


duke 


tune 


sere 


doze 


yore 


mote 


Luke 


mule 


reve 



Boys like to fly a kite. Tom had a tame bird, but no 
mate for it. He put it in a cage and fed it. The mice 
made a hole in the cage, and the bird got out. Take 
him home. He is a wise boy. 



WORDS OP POUR LETTERS. 



35 



bare 


hare 


bold 




told 


fort 


torn 


care 


pare 


cold 




bolt 


port 


worn 


dare 


tare 


fold 




colt 


host 


pork 


fare 


ware 


gold 




jolt 


most 


poll 


mare 


love 


hold 




dolt 


post 


roll 


rare 


dove 


sold 




ford 


both 


toll 


fan 


salt 


born 


2. 


cord 


bind 


rind 


gall 


halt 


corn 




lord 


find 


mild 


hall 


malt 


horn 




corb 


hind 


wild 


tall 


warp 


lorn 




cork 


kind 


child 


wall 


wart 


morn 




fork 


mind 


pint 


ward 


swart 


form 




sort 


wind 


sign 


back 


baiid 


fang 


3. 


damp 


sank 


cash 


hack 


hand 


gang 




lamp 


tank 


dash 


lack 


land 


pang 




vamp 


dank 


gash 


pack 


sand 


rang 




bank 


hank 


lash 


sack 


bang 


sang 




lank 


cant 


rash 


tack 


hang 


camp 


4. 


rank 


rant 


sash 


beck 


bend 


bent 


belt 


best 


left 


deck 


lend 


lent 




felt 


jest 


weft 


neck 


mend 


dent 




melt 


lest 


kept 


peck 


rend 


rent 




help 


nest 


wept 


reck 


send 


sent 




pelf 


rest 


held 


desk 


tend 


went 




self 


west 


weld 


bell 


less 


nick 


5. 


lift 


dint 


fist 


fell 


mess 


pick 




rift 


hint 


list 


hell 


vest 


rick 




sift 


lint 


mist 


sell 


mesh 


sick 




hilt 


mint 


dish 


tell 


debt 


tick 




tilt 


lisp 


fish 


well 


Seth 


wick 




wilt 


wisp 


wish 


He sits at his desk. The bird made its nest 


on the 


pine 


tree, and sat and sang 


on the 


top. All love the 


dove, 


it is so mild. 


A sack of corn. 


A rash act. 


Seth 


had a mess of fish. 


They 


were cod-fish. 





36 



WORDS OF FOUR LETTERS. 



ding 


link 


bill 


hiss 


bond 


15ft 


king 


pink 


gill 


kiss 


pond 


soft 


ring 


sink 


pill 


miss 


fond 


cost 


sing 


mink 


kill 


disk 


pomp 


lost 


wing 


tink 


mill 


risk 


long 


tost 


wind 


wink 


sill 


this 


song 


moth 


loss 


bump 


bung 


2. 

dusk 


bulb 


dock 


moss 


jump 


hung 


husk 


bulk 


hock 


toss 


lump 


rung- 


musk 


pulp 


lock 


doll 


pump 


sung 


tusk 


gulf 


mock 


loll 


hunt 


punk 


rusk 


tuft 


rock 


font 


runt 


sunk 


gush 


duct 


sock 


buck 


fund 


cull 


' buff 


buzz 


gilt 


duck 


bust 


dull 


cuff 


hulk 


milt 


luck 


just 


gull 


huff 


fact 


gift 


muck 


tush 


hull 


luff 


tact 


milk 


suck 


buss 


lull 


muff 


calx 


silk 


tuck 


fuss 


null 


puff 
4. 
barb 


adze 


yelk 


curb 


turf 


fern 


cart 


bark 


curd 


surf 


germ 


garb 


dart 


dark 


surd 


burn 


term 


card 


mart 


hark 


curl 


turn 


pert 


hard 


part 


lark 


furl 


purl 


wert 


lard 


tart 


mark 


hurl 


urge 


jerk 


yard 

5. 

ftst 


harp 


park 


farm 


XL 

good 


down 


brat 


hats 


harm 


hood 


town 


cast 


chat 


rats 


marl 


wood 


gown 


last 


flat 


bid? 


barn 


look 


fowl 


mast 


gnat 


pens 


darn. 


took 


cowl 


past 


plat 


hens 


yarn 


book 


howl 


vast 


that 


runs. 



Does James live down town ? Yes, he lives at the 
turn as you go to the mill. The sun has gone down ; it 
is dusk. The day is past. The cow gives milk. The 
hog has a tusk. The barn is in the yard. 



SPELLING AND READING. 



37 



scar 
star 
spar 


word 
work 
worm 


high 

nigh 
sigh 


film 

helm 

whelm 


next 
text 
sect 


rule 

rude 

ruse 


type 
lyre 
Tyre 


pith 
frith 
myth 


ii 2. 

cook 
hook 
foot 


meal 

heal 

peal 


James 
names 

saves. 


herd 
verb 
herb 


walk 

talk 

balk 


dirt 
dirk 
kirk 


girl 
gird 
girt 


mood 
rood 


ft 

hoop 
wool 
wolf 


flies 

dries 

tries. 


With 


eyes 


4. 
birds 


suit 


lieu 


view 




Tfie Ride. 

1. John. What a fine day it is! The sun is out 
warm. The air is mild. And pa has just told me, that 
we may have a ride in the new gig. Ann is to go 
with us. 

2. James. How far are we to go ? Can we ride to 



38 READING. 

the top of the hill ? We may have a good time if we 
can ride so far. 

3. Ann. Oh, yes ! and we may have a good time if 
we do not ride so far. Put on your hats. I will put 
on my hood. The gig will be here soon. 

4. John. Here it is. We can all sit in it. Let 
down the top. If the top is up, we can not see so well. 
Come, Ann, let me help you in. Now let us go. 

5. Ann. Take care, John ; do not go so fast. Pa 
told us to take care. How good he is to give us this 
ride. If we love him, we must do as he bids us. 

6. James. Ann, look up in the air. Do you see 
that bird ? It is a dove. It is so high, I can but just 
see it. How fast it does fly ! It will soon get to its 
home. 

7. Ann. Look this way, John ; see the ants up in 
the air. Do ants have wings ? 

8. John. Yes, they must have wings, if they fly. 
Some ants have wings and some have none. They do 
not fly fast. 

9. James. Here we are at the top of the hill. How 
far we can see ! Let us get out of the gig. We have 
rode so far, it will rest us to walk. 

10. Ann. See that mill, John, at the foot of the 
hill. What is done in the mill? What do they 
make ? 

11. John. They make meal out of corn. I have not 
been in it. I can not tell how it is done. We will ask 
pa. He will tell us if we ask him. 

12. James. It is time for us to go back now. We 
must not be late home. It will not be safe for us to 
ride in the dark. 

18. Ann. Here we are at home, and all safe. We 
have had a fine ride. Ah, here is pa. He is come out 
to see us. How good you are to let us ride in the new 
gig! 



READING. 39 

The Fly. 

1. A bird can sing, but a fly can not sing. A fly 
can hum. Birds have two legs and two wings. A fly 
has two wings and six legs. It flies and hums with its 
wings. It runs with its legs. 

2. A fly has lit on my hand. Now, fly, I will pat 
you. I will hit you so hard that you can not get off. 

3: Ah ! I did not hit you. You were off too soon 
for me. But you will not come back. 

4. Yes, he is on my hand once more. What do you 
want, fly ? Do you want some food ? I have none on 
my hand, that you can sip up. 

5. Go, fly: goto the rose, as the bee does. You 
may find food in the rose. But you say, you do .not 
like the rose. 

6. What ! not like the rose ? the fair rose ? You do 
not like to fly so far ; do you ? Go, then ; I can not 
hold you on my hand. 



The OivL 

1. What is this ? Is it a bird ? It does not look 
much like a bird. It looks more like a cat. It has 
two eyes, and they are as big as the eyes of a cat. It 
has two legs, but a cat has four. 

2. It is an owl. Yes, your name is owl. You love 
mice as well as the cat. You can eat birds too. You 
live in the hole of a tree. You do not come out till 
the sun is set. 

3. The lark can sing, but you can not sing. All the 
birds hate you. Go back to your hole in the tree. Do 
not come out to kill the birds. 



40 



WORDS OF FOUR LETTERS. 



bass 


mask 


raft 


blab 


brad 


club 


lass 


task 


waft 


crab 


clad 


chub 


mass 


gasp 


path 


drab 


glad 


drub 


pass 


hasp 


bath 


scab 


shad 


grub 


?3ask 


rasp 


lath 


slab 


brag 


stub 


cask 


haft 


pant 


stab 

a 


drag 


snub 


flag 


slam 


span 


I. 

snap 


bred 


scud 


shag 


swam 


than 


trap 


fled 


stud 


snag- 


clam 


chap 


wrap 


shed 


drug 


stag 


bran 


clap 


hath 


sped 


Plug 


dram 


clan 


flap 


crag- 


clef 


slug 


cram 


plan 


slap 


sham 
3. 

trip 


step 


snug 


stem 


glib 


drip 


knit 


drum 


them 


slid 


flip 


grip 


quit 


chum 


when 


twig- 


ship 


whip 


smit 


plum 


wren 


whig 


skip 


chit 


slip 


scum 


tret 


chip 


slip 


frit 


spit 


grum 


whet 


clip 


snip 


grit 
4. 
clog- 


whit 


swum 


skim 


skin 


plod 


flop 


stum 


slim 


shin 


knot 


flog 


prop 


shun 


swim 


spin 


plot 


frog- 


stop 


glut 


whim 


thin 


knob 


chop 


blot 


slut 


chin 


writ 


shod 


crop 


clot 


flux 


grin 


whiz 


shop 


drop 


grot 


thus 


play 


bray 


laid 


5. 

wail 


days 


free 


clay 


fray 


paid 


gain 


pays 


glee 


slay 


flay 


fail 


pain 


ways 


thee 


pray 


stay 


jail 


vain 


plays 


flee 


dray 


gray 


nail 


bait 


stays 


knee 


tray 


sway 


tail 


wait 


prays 


lees. 



A fish can swim. A boy can spin a top. Do not drop 
your pen and blot your book. A mask is for the face. 
The man lias a good crop of oats. The idle boy does 
not love his book. Go not in the way of bad men. 



WORDS OF FOUR LETTERS. 



41 



bead 


deal 


bean 


fear 


heat 


bout 


lead 


veal 


lean 


gear 


meat 


gout 


read 


seal 


yean 


near 


neat 


pout 


beak 


zeal 


heap 


tear 


seat 


rout 


leak 


ream 


reap 


year 


beat 


loud 


weak 


team 


leap 


rear 


peat 


lout 


load 


foam 


died 


laud 


dawn 


noun 


road 


roam 


pied 


daub 


fawn 


sour 


toad 


moan 


tied 


maul 


lawn 


thou 


loaf 


roar 


die? 


haul 


pawn 


ours 


soak 


soar 


pie? 


caul 


hawk 


oust 


foal 


boat 


ties. 

mi 


cauf 


yawl 


owls 


goat 


doom 


b66t 


hoof 


oil 


soap 


loom 


pool 


hoot 


roof 


boil 


coal 


room 


tool 


root 


loof 


coil 


loam 


boon 


boor 


nook 


woof 


foil 


goal 


loon 


moor 


coop 


boom 


soil 


oath 


cool 


coot 


loop 


coom 


roil 


show 


grow 


4, 

th&w 


flew 


u 
brew 


toil 


stow 


know 


gnaw 


slew 


drew 


void 


blow 


glow 


flaw 


clew 


crew 


join 


crow 


snow 


draw 


knew 


grew 


loin 


flow 


sown 


craw 


chew 


screw 


coin 


slow 


mown 


claw 


stew 


threw 


oint 


deed 


beef 


feel 


seem 


peep 


mewl 


feed 


reef 


heel 


keen 


weep 


hewn 


heed 


meek 


keel 


seen 


beer 


new$ 


need 


reek 


peel 


teen 


veer 


Jews 


reed 


seek 


reel 


deep 


meet 


lewd 


weed 


week 


deem 


keep 


feet 


newt 



Take heed to your steps. A goat has horns and hoofs. 
Hens can live in a coop. Coal and wood are for the fire. 
He knew what he did. He sat down upon the lawn. 
His eye was keen. He ran in the road. 



42 


WORDS OF FOUR AND FIVE LETTERS. 




lamb 
jamb 
dumb 
numb 


limb 
crumb 
plumb 
thumb 


1. 
comb 
climb 
t6mb 
womb 

9 


earl 
earn 
learn 
yearn 


hour 
flour 
scour 
shout 


I 
veil 
rein 
vein 
veins 


inch 
etch 
itch 


aids 

ails 

aims 


bees 
sees 
fees 

a 3. 
weigh 
neigh 
eight 

4. 
known 
grown 


goes 
toes 
hoes 


brow 
prow 
prowl 


each 
east 
ease 


pair 
lair 
chair 


a 
reign 
deign 
feign 


bear 
wear 
tear 


count 
fount 
mount 


bllir 

slur 
spur 


door 
floor 


coax 
hoax 


bowl 
throw 


plea 
flea 


hymn 
lynx 


bier 
pier 
tier 
fief 
mien 


books 
hooks 
good§ 
woods 
soot 


half 
calf 

halve 
calve 
salve 


balm 
calm 
palm 
alms 
psalm 


move 

prove 

lose 

f/'hose 

whom 


dead 

head 

lead 

read 

heads 


could 
would 
should 


night 
sight 
light 


6. 
right 
might 
fight 


niTnce 

since 

wince 


mall 
shall 

shalt 


four 
pour 
soul 


si line 
thine 

twine 


there 

ere 

where 


7. 
aunt 

haunt 
jaunt 


charm 

snarl 

Charles 


loves 
doves 
comes 


blue 
flue 

glue 


sheep 
sheet 
teeth 
three 


smell 
spell 
shell 
swell 


field 
yield 
grief 
thief 


touch 
young 
tongue 
sponge 


hurts 

h rinds 

owns 

trees 


bull 
pull 
full 
push 



Bees make wax. A hymn is to be sung. Might does 
not make right. "Whom do you see ? Shall you see 
Charles to-night ? Xo, I shall not go that way. Where 
will you go ? 1 would go home. 



SPELLING AND READING. lo 



firm 

stir 

chirp 


horse 

morse 

north 


great 
break 
steak 


l. 

tfro^e 
the§e 
ride§ 


go'ing 
be-ing 
d6-ing 


lamb§ 
barks 
then 


g66se 
geese 


rich 
which 


6 

wasps 
ducks 


2. 

gr£ss 
class 


gr&nt 
champ 


truth 
truths 



Charles. 

1. Charles, what are eyes for ? To see with. 
What are ears for ? To hear with. 

What is the tongue for ? To talk with. 
What are teeth for ? To eat with. 
What is the nose for ? To smell with. 
What are legs for ? To walk with. 

2. Then do not make me take you in my arms. 
Walk your-self. Here are two good legs. 

3. Come, let us go in the fields and see the sheep, 
and the lambs, and the cows, and trees, and birds. 

4. There is a man on horse-back. Where are you 
go-ing ? He does not mind us ; he rides a-way. Now 
he is a great way off. Now we can not see him at all. 

5. There is a dog. The dog barks. Do not fear; he 
will not hurt you. Come to me, dog. Let him lick 
your hand. His name is Tray. 

6. Tray shall go with us. He is a good dog. He is 
glad to see us, and to go with us. Pat poor Tray. 
Tray likes those who pat him, and feed him, and arc 
kind to him. 

7. Here are five toes on this foot, and five on that 
foot. Five and five are ten. Ten toes. Can you count 
ten ? 

8. What are you clo-ing ? I fear you will tear your 
book. No, I will take care. I am go-ing to spell all 
the words on this page. I mean to read it well the next 
time. 



44 SPELLING AND READING. 



white 


large 


1 

sting 


think 


stung 


black 


write 


barge 


bring 


drink 


flung 


track 


quite 


charge 


thing 


brink 


sprung 


crack 


bread 


proud 


round 


wheat 


south 


tea^e 


tread 


cloud 


ground 


bleat 


mouth 


please 


dread 


cloudy 


found 


speak 


doubt 


beard 


while 


green 


aw € 
ought 


grand 


cell 


close 


smile 


sweet 


brought 


plant 


cells. 


clos'-er 


stile 


sleep 


sought 


plants 


dell 


clos-est 



Rain. 

1. Shall we walk? No; not now. I think it will 
rain soon. Look, how black the sky is ! Now it rains. 
How fast it rains ! 

2. Rain comes from the clouds. The ducks love 
rain. Ducks swim, and geese swim. Can Charles swim? 

8. No, Charles is not a duck, nor a goose : so he 
must take care not to go too near the pond, lest he 
should fall in. 

4. If he should fall in, I do not know that we could 
get him out. If we could not, he would die. 

5. When Charles is as big as James, he shall learn 
to swim. 

A Walk. 

1. It does not rain now. The sky is blue. Let us 
take a walk in the fields, and see the men at work, and 
hear the birds sing. 

2. Do not walk on the grass now. It is too high. 
It is quite wet. Walk in this dry path. There is a 
worm. Do not tread on it. 



SPELLING AND READING. 45 

3. Oh, what a large field ! This is not grass. No, 
it is corn. It will be ripe soon. 

4. Bread is made of corn. I dare say Charles does 
not know how bread is made. Well, some time I will 
tell him. 

5. Shall we look at the bees in the hive ? Will the 
bees sting us ? No, they will not sting us if we do not 
hurt them. 

6. Wasps will not sting us if we do not hurt them. 
There is a wasp on my arm. Now it is gone. It has 
not stung me. 

7. What is meal made of? Meal is made of corn 
and rye. They are ground in a mill. Flour is made 
of wheat. 

8. Corn and rye and wheat grow in the fields. Grass 
grows in the fields too. 

9. Cows eat grass, sheep eat grass, and the horse eats 
grass. Boys and girls do not eat grass. No, they eat 
bread and milk. 

10. When the snow is on the ground, and the cows 
and sheep can not get grass, then they eat hay. 

11. Does hay grow in the fields ? Yes, hay is made 
of grass. When the sun shines, men mow down the 
high grass. The hot sun dries it, and that makes hay. 



John and Ann have been out to-day. They took a 
long walk. On the way, they met a poor old man, whom 
they knew, and to whom they gave some bread. The 
poor man was glad to take what they gave him, for he 
had had no food all day. 



strow morn'ing still cross strive sp661 
throw sorting spill dross drive stool 

blow$ form-ing skill gloss thrive school 



46 BEADING AND SPELLING. 

1. What time of day is it now ? It is morn-ing. I 
have just got up. Look, see where the sun is. It is 
close to the ground. The sun is now in the east. 

2. Turn your back to the sun. Your face is now to 
the west. When the day is just gone, you will see the 
sun in the west. The sun sets in the west. 

3. The wind blows. Which way does it blow ? Take 
that lock of wool and throw it up. The wind blows it 
this way. The wind conies from the north. The wind 
is north. A north wind is cold. A south wind is warm. 
East, west, north, and south. 

4. It is a cold day. Bring in some wood. Put it on 
the fire. The room is not so warm as I should like to 
have it. Do not go too near the fire. You will burn 
your shoes. 



1. Will you lend me your new book, John? I 
should like to read it. It is a long time since I have 
read a new book. It will take me but a day or two to 
read it all. 

2. I will lend it to you, if you will use it with care. 
My aunt gave it to me, and she told me I must keep it 
free from dirt. A neat book is a sign that he who owns 
it loves to read. 

3. Well, John, if you will let me have it for a few 
days, I will try to use it well. I will bring it back as 
soon as I have read it. 



house 


small 


1. 
blddm 


snail 


brawl 


place 


mouse 


stall 


gloom 


flail 


crawl 


grace 


louse 


thrall 


broom 


frail 


crawls 


trace 


stone 


spare 


heart 


staid 


edge 


noise 


stones 


stare 


hearth 


braid 


hedge 


poise 



READING. • 47 

God takes Care of All. 

1. Who sends rain from the clouds, and heat from 
the sun, to make the grass grow? It is God. God 
takes care of the horse and the cow, as well as of you 
and me. He gives them and us what we need. How 
good we should try to be, and how much we ought to 
love God, who feeds and cares for us all ! 

2. See that bee. How it hums with its thin wings ! 
Ah, poor bee ! You do not know for whom you work 
so hard, while you fly so fast all the warm day. When 
your house is full, and you are gone to rest in it, some 
one will come and drive you from your hive, and take 
all your sweet food from you. 

3. Can we teach the bee to make her cell, and lay 
up her food for the cold day, when there are no plants 
in bloom in which she can find it ? No, we can not. 
Were we to try, we could not make its cells of wax , It 
is God who shows the bee how to make her house, and 
where to find her food. 

4. God cares for the bee, and the small fly, the worm 
that crawls on the ground, and the snail, that bears its 
house on its back. He is good and kind to all things. 
Let us try to please him. Let us do as he has bid us 
in his word. 



The Duck. 
You have seen the duck on her nest. Why does she 
sit there so long ? She sits on her eggs that they may 
be warm. If she did not keep them warm, no young 
ducks would come out of the eggs. Did you ever see 
young ducks swim ? They swim in the pond as soon 
as they ^o.i out of the shell. 



48 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



ba'by 
la-dy 
na-vy 
va-ry 


re'al 
vi-al 
di-al 
li-ar 


l. 

H'on 
Zi-on 
ri-ot 
vi-ol 


bo'ny 
ho-ly 
po-ny 
to-ry 


ro'§y 
po-§y 
ea-sy 
Lo-is. 


du-ty 
du-ly 
fu-ry 
Lu-cy 


fu-el 
du-el 
su-et 
di-et 


2. 
po-et 
po-em 
Jo-el 
za-ny 


la-zy 
ha-zy 
ma-zy 
do-zy 


Ba-al 
bi-as 
du-al 
No-ah 


Ne-ro 
he-ro 
ha-lo 
sa-go 


ti-dy 
li-my 
ro-py 
on-ly 


3. 
ti-ny 
wi-ly 
wi-ry 
pu-ny 


ju-ry 
po-ry 
Ma-ry 
mi-ry 


so-fa 
rni-ca 
Li-nia 
Cu-ba 


i-cy 
i-vy 
e-ra 
E-1I 


Sn-vy 
ug-ly 
ed-dy 
in-ly 


4. 
Sx-en 
al-um 
ab-ba 
Ad-am 


ep-ic 
ex-it 
ax-is 
at-om 


ev-er 
Ez-ra 
Em-ma 
ar-my 


dy-er 
ty-ro 


ln-tS 
un-to 


5. 

dd-er 
al-so 


ru-in 
ru-by 


so-lo 
ve-to 


de-fy' 
de-ny 
re-ly 


al-ly' 

af-fy 

es-py 


6. 
Ju-ly' 
Pe-rti 
du-gt 


a-d6' 

un-do 

up-on 


a-go' 

a-way 

a-new 



Reading Lessons. 

Lucy had a new slate. She went to school with Em- 
ma. Lucy was six years old, but Emma was only four. 
They met some oxen in the road. They did not fear to 
go by the oxen, for they had a yoke on their necks. 

The lady sits on the sofa. Mary was not lazy. En- 
vy not the rich. Do your duty. The liar is in the way 
to ruin. Did you ever see a li-on ? This sofa is easy to 
sit upon. Emma has a rosy face. 



WORDS OP TWO SYLLABLES. 



49 



pa'per 


vo'ter 


ro'ver 


wa'fer 


ra'ter 


carper 


po-ker 


to-per 


wa-ver 


ta-ker 


fe-ver 


ba-ker 


so-ber 


wa-ger 


di-ver 


le-ver 


marker 


ra-ker 


ra-cer 


ti-ler 


ri-der 


vi-per 


ha-ter 


pa-cer 


si-zer 


ci-der 


pi-per 


ta-per 

2. 

pa-pal 


o-ver 


ti-ger 


la-bel 


fa-tal 


lo-cal 


ve-nal 


li-bel 


na-val 


vi-tal 


clo-tal 


na-tal 


na-ked 


fi-nal 


ce-dar 


pe-dal 


re-gal 


ca-ret 


ri-val 


lu-nar 


pe-nal 


o-ral 


bi-ped 


to-tal 


po-lar 


du-cal 


ho-ral 


no-ted 


vo-cal 


so-lar 

3. 
cra-zy 


le-gal 


o-val 


a-ble 


lu-cid 


tri-al 


bri-er 


ta-ble 


hu-mid 


gra-vy 


fri-ar 


cri-er 


fa-ble 


tu-mid 


sha-dy 


tri-ad 


fli-er 


la-dle 


pu-pil 


spi-cy 


bra-vo 


glo-ry 


ma-ple 


lu-rid 


sto-ny 


pri-or 


smo-ky 


ca-ble 


cu-bit 


sto-ry 

4. 
i-dle 


bri-ny 


sca-ly 


tra-der 


fra-mer 


ti-tle 


grti-el 


gra-ter 


gra-ver 


bi-ble 


tri-fle 


cruel 


spi-der 


gro-cer 


bri-dle 


ri-fle 


cru-et 


wri-ter 


dra-per 


cra-dle 


ha-zle 


tru-ly 


dro-ver 


sha-ker 


sta-ble 


• sa-ble 


dru-id 


clo-ver 


qua-ker 


sta-ple 


ga-ble 


ru-ler 


ad'der 


bffer 


5. 
aVtor 


val'or 


tal'on 


el-der 


ot-ter 


ab-bot 


vig-or 


fel-on 


en-ter 


am-ber 


cap-tor 


rig-or 


wag-on 


in-ner 


um-ber 


fac-tor 


big-ot 


mel-on 


up-per 


ul-cer 


vic-tor 


piv-ot 


lem-on 


ut-ter 


as-ter 


doc-tor 


ten-or 


ven-om 


Paper is 


made of rags. He is 


an able writer. A 


horse is led by a bridle. 


Nero was a 


cruel king 


at Rome. 


There are 


slaves in Cuba. A wagon is on the 


road. A 


shady tree. 


A biped has but two legs. A bird is a biped. 
5 



50 



WORDS OP TWO SYLLABLES, 



hiip'py 


fan'cy 


1. 
bod'y 


bod'ies 


cSb'in 


car-ry 

mer-ry 

mar-ry 

ber-ry 

fer-ry 


can-dy 
han-dy 
pen-ny 
pop-py 
put-ty 


cop-y 
pit-y 

lil-y 

cit-y 
ver-y 

2. 
gal-Ion 


cop-ies 

pit-ies 

lil-ie§ 

cit-ies 

lev-ies 


cav-il 
civ-il 
liv-id 
sol-id 
rob-in 


bar-rel 


dit-ty 


mam-mon 


rap-id 


tas-sel 


wit-ty 


gam-mon 


ran-dom 


yap-id 


ves-sel 


siMy 


can-ton 


cus-tom 


sat-in 


gos-pel 
tin-sel 


lob-by 
fol-ly 


pis-ton 
pis-tol 


bot-tom 
sel-dom 


mat-in 
rel-ic 


lin-tel 


sor-ry 


com-mon 

3. 
ham-mer 


ran-som 


col-ic 


nev-er 


cam-el 


bat-ter 


mim-ic 


riv-er 


mod-el 


lad-der 


bet-ter 


civ-ic 


liv-er 


hov-el 


sum-mer 


pep-per 


com-ic 


sev-er 


nov-el 


win-ter 


din-ner 


mer-it 


lep-er 
giv-er 


lev-el 
reb-el 


hat-ter 
man-ner 


snp-per 
but-ter 


hab-it 
max-im 


ban-ner 


tan-ner 


4. 
rob-ber 


ten-der 


mel-low 


can-cer 
fen-der 


pam-per 
lat-ter 


cop-per 
gun-ner 


lim-ber 
lum-ber 


fel-low 
yel-low 


gen-der 


let-ter 


run-ner 


num-ber 


tal-low 


cin-der 


bit-ter ' 


lim-ner 


mus-ter 


mar-row 


tin-der 


mil-ler 


lit-ter 


sin-ner 


win-dow 


mag-net 
mal-let 


pel-let 
vel-vet 


5. 

gib-bet 
son-net 


pan-nel 
can-eel 


fin-ger 
lin-ger 


ham-let 


fer-ret 


bon-net 


fen-nel 


lon-ger 


lan-cet 


hel-met 


cos-set 


ken-nel 


an-ger 


tab-let 


bil-let 


gus-set 


fun-nel 


hun-ger 


lap-pet 


fil-let 


buf-fet 


tun-nel 


hun-gry 



A good man is happy. Asa cut his finger. Charles 
had a hammer in his hand. Lucy had a bonnet on her 
head. See the robin upon the high tree. A vessel is 
on the river. The boy is hungry. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



51 



blad'der 


pl&t'ter 


1. 

stam'mer 


drum'mer 


prim'er 


ehap-ter 


flat-ter 


spat-ter 


plun-der 


clev-er 


clap-per 


scat-ter 


smat-ter 


spin-ner 


prop-er 


blis-ter 


shat-ter 


blun-der 


skip-per 


chisel 


glit-ter 


slen-der 


blus-ter 


slip-per 


chap-el 


giim-mer 


shel-ter 


clus-ter 

2. 
big-ger 


slum-ber 


plan-et 


chap-let 


tav-ern 


sud-den 


rich-er 


plum-met 


cav-ern 


rig-ger 


mit-ten 


with-er 


chan-nel 


mod-ern 


dig-ger 


pat-ten 


pitch-er 


flan-nel 


lan-tern 


dag-ger 


lin-en 


gatft-er 


ykim-mer 


cis-tern 


lug-|er 


kitch-eu 


rath-er 


swim-mer 


pat-tern 


big-gest 

3. 
mon-ey 


chiek-en 


lath-er 


coivner 


bbw-er 


o 

wan-der 


bar-ber 


bor-der 


pow-er 


hon-ey 


wan-ton 


car-ver 


or-der 


tow-er 


cov-ey 


war-rant 


gar-ner 


for-mer 


vow-el 


mon-key 


war-ren 


gar-den 


mor-sel 


flow-er 


cov-et 


wal-let 


far-ther 


for-ty 


show-er 


hov-er 

4. 

net-tie 


wal-low 


fa-ther 


cov-er 


ap-ple 


sad-die 


cot-ton 


lov-er 


cat-tie 


ket-tle 


han-dle 


les-son 


oth-er 


rat-tie 


peb-ble 


sam-ple 


reck-on 


motn-er 


lit-tle 


fid-die 


tem-ple 


but-ton 


smotfr-er 


rid-dle 


pim-ple 


kin-die 


mut-ton 


brotfr-er 


rip-pie 


bot-tle 


bun-die 


glut-ton 


pad-die 


bat-tie 


5. 

im-cle 


eel-lar 


bul-let 


can-die 


bab-ble 


an-kle 


pil-lar 


pul-let 


man-tie 


met-tle 


ran-kle 


col-lar 


bush-el 


am-ble 


mid-die 


tiir-tle 


dol-lar 


bush-e§ 


gam-ble 


sim-ple 


pur-ple 


pop-lar 


butch-er 


gen-tle 


hum-ble 


hur-dle 
6. 


vul-gar 


pud-ding 


read-er 


learn-ing 


f 
rough 


pret-ty 


said 


teach-er 


learn-er 


tough 


• pret-ti-er 


saith 


speak-er 


learned 


e-nough' 


pret-ti-est 


says 



&2 



READING LESSONS. 




1. Motli-er, said lit- 
tle Jane, I do not like 
to go to school. May 
I not stay at home to- 
day? 

2. But why do you 
x wish to stay at home ? 
I Why do you not like 
I to go to school ? 
| 3. If I stay at home, 
f I hope you will let me 

play all day ; but if I 
go to school, I must 
sit still and learn my 
Little Jane. les-son. 

4. I am ver-y sor-ry, Jane, to hear you talk so. But 
if you stay at home, I can-not let you play all day. If 
you play all the time, you will nev-er learn to work nor 
to read. 

5. But why must I learn to work and to read, moth- 
er ? I am not old e-nough to do much work ; and can 
I not learn to read when I am old-er as well as now ? 

6. No, Jane ; when you are old e-nough to work, 
you will not have so much time for learn-in g to read. 
You must learn to read now, that you may have time 
to work when you are old-cr. And if you do not learn 
to read, of what use will books be to you ? 

6. I do not know, moth-cr, — I should like very 
much to read the prct-ty sto-ries in the new books. I 
think I will go to school and learn to read as fast as 
I can. 

8. Jane loved her motli-er and broth-er. She lived 
in the cit-y and went to school. She was learn-ing to 
read and spell. She learned her les-son ver-y well. Her 
teach-er said so. Jane was nev-er i-clle. 

9. Jane learned her les-son at home as well as at 
school. She sel-dom got an-gry, was kind to her play- 
mates, and tried to do what was right. She loved to 
see the flow-ers, 



WORDS OP TWO SYLLABLES. 



53 



ia'vor 


o'dor 


l. 

flO'ral 


an'gel 


de'mon 


la-bor 


do-nor 


plu-ral 


clan-ger 


co-Ion 


tutor 


tn-mor. 


fru-gal 


man-ger 


se-ton 


ju-ror 


mi-nor 


spi-nal 


ran-ger 


ma-tron 


ma-jor 


stu-por 


spi-ral 


chan-ger 


pa-tron 


ra-zor 


pre-tor 


pli-ant 

2. 

gi-ant 


cham-ber 


ne-gro 


a-gent 


po-tent 


hu-man 


sa-ving 


la-tent 


no-cent 


vi-and 


pa-gan 


la-ding 


de-cent 


re-cent 


pli-ant 


Ro-man 


du-ring 


eli-ent 


re-gent 


va-cant 


ha-tred 


ta-king 


co-gent 


stu-dent 


va-grant 


sa-cred 


sha-ving 


moment 


se-quel 


vo-lant 

3. 
va-cate 


se-cret 


wa-ving 


ba-sis 


fo-rum 


do-tage 


qui-et 


gra-tis 


fo-cns 


ro-tate 


cu-rate 


quo-ta 


cri-sis 


re-bus 


fe-male 


pi-rate 


que-ry 


d>-ist 


se-rum 


fi-nite 


cli-mate 


qua-ker 


fcjie-ist 


cro-cus 


vi-brate 


pri-vatc 


qua-ver 


pa-pist 


gho-rus 


mi-grate 

4. 
stu-pid 


pro-bate 


quo-rum 


o-gle 


dy-ing 


in-dex 


ga-ze§ 


no-ble 


ly-ing 


flu-id 


in-let 


ma-ze§ 


sti-fle 


ty-iug 


pu-trid 


em-met 


bla-zes 


pock-et 


crick-et 


5. 

ran-sack 


ban-ish 


per-ish 


rock-et 


thick-et 


bar-rack 


fam-ish 


pun-ish 


bnck-et 


brack-et 


ham-mock 


blem-ish 


van-ish 


tick-et 


wed-lock 


pad-lock 


rel-ish 


fin-ish 


jack-et 


hem-lock 


fet-lock 


self-ish 


lav-ish 


wick-ct 


hil-lock 


mat-lock 


cher-ish 


par-ish 


at-las 


oc-tave 


6. 
mat-ter 


her-ald 


ad-verb 


sal-ad 


con-cave 


trum-pet 


ser-aph 


prov-erb 


A hil-lock is a lit-tle hill. He has a dol-lar in his 


pock-et. 


The buck-et hangs in the well. He 


is sa-ving 


of his mon-ey. An em-met is a lit-tle red ant. 


She will 


finish her task. 










5* 









54 



SPELLING AND READING. 



1. 



soup 
through 


tired 
rained 


tneii 

theii 

2. 


ones. 
§ once 


milch 


drgad'ful 
health-ful 


wick'ed 
sift-ed 


pon'der 
yon-der 


cause 
be-cause' 


cam-let 
mil-let 
tsig-net 
rus-set 


com-et 
val-et 
lev-et 
civ-et 


o. 


cher-ub 

cher-up 

sul-phur 

vel-lum 


hun'dred 
kin-dred 
chil-dren 
bretn-ren 


try'iug 
fly-ing 


time'ly 
home-ly 

fi 


4. 


e 

an'y 
man-y 

bit. 


almost 
al-ways 




)hn L 





1. John Holt is a good boy. He goes to school, and 
takes pains to learn. 

2. When at school, John keeps to his books till he 
has learned all his tasks. 

3. When he comes out, he can play with a good 
heart, for he knows that he has time to spare. 

4. John is a lit-tle boy, on-ly five or six years old, 
but he can read quite well. 

o. John Holt will not fight, nor throw stones, nor 
dirt, at the boys and girls. Pie nev-er calls them by 
bad names, nor tries to vex them. 

6. He loves his fa-ther and moth-er and teach-er, and 
does all that they bid him. He is so kind to all who know 
him, that they all love him, and try to do him good. 

7. John Holt is a hap-py boy. He is nev-er cross to 
his play-mates, and they are al-ways kind to him. 

8. Let all boys, who read this les-son, strive to be as 
good as John Holt. 



A wick-cd boy is al-ways apt to make too much noise. 
Can you count a hun-dred ? Let me hear you try. 
John is try-ing. Good chil-dren will be try-ing to 
learn, all day, if at school. 



READING. 55 

. The Cruel Boy. 

1. As a bird was one clay fly-ing to seek food for its 
young ones, a boy saw it ; he had a gun in his hand, 
and shot the poor thing through its head, and down it 
fell to the ground. 

2. The boy ran to it and took it up ; and when he 
saw that it was dead, he gave it to his dog to eat, 

3. How cru-el and wick-ed it was to kill the poor bird, 
which nev-er did any harm in all its life, and to take it 
from its young ones, that were in the nest, wait-ing for 
it to come back and feed them ! 

4. The poor lit-tle birds could not think why their 
moth-cr staid so long. They kept chirp-ing and chirp- 
ing, till they were quite tired. 

5. At night, they grew so cold, for want of their 
moth-er to brood over them, that they did not know 
what to do. 

6. There were five in the nest, and two of them died 
of cold and hun-ger'that night. 

7. The oth-er three lived till the next morn-ing, when, 
get-ting to the edge of the nest, to look for their moth- 
er, two of them fell out and broke their bones. 

8. They lay in great pain for some time, but could 
not move, for. they were too young to hop or fly. 

9. At last a great hog saw them on the ground, and 
ate them up, and so put them out of their pain. 

10. But the oth-er poor lit-tle thing, that was left in 
the nest, did not die so soon ; for it lived all day, ver-y 
cold and in -great pain, from be-ing so hun-gry. 

11. It kept chirp-ing as long as it was a-ble to make 
a noise, in hopes its moth-er would hear and come and 
feed it. But, poor thing, she had been shot by the cru-el 
boy, and was dead, and could not hear it. 

12. At last it got so weak, that it lay still at the 
bot-tom of the nest. In the night it rained fast and 
the wind blew, and so it died of cold like the oth-ers. 

13. Thus there was an end to five pret-ty young 



56 



BEADING AND SPELLING. 



birds, that all died in so dread-ful a way, be-cause a 
wan-ton, cru-el, and wick-ed boy shot their poor 
moth-er. 



a-bate' 


a-rnaze' 


1. 

e-late' 


be-came' 


• 
in-cite' 


a-bide 


a-wake 


e-vade 


be-have 


in-vite 


a-bode 


a-live 


e-rase 


be-take 


in-voke 


a-lone 


a-like 


e-lope 


be-side 


in-duce 


a-tonc 


a-side 


e-rode 


be-fore 


in-sane 


a-dore 


a-cute 


e-lude 


de-bate 


•» in-vade 


de-fame 


de-base 


re-gale 


re-late 


se-date 


de-face 


de-ride 


re-vere 


re-vile 


se-rene 


de-fine 


de-note 


re-tire 


re-cite 


se-vere 


de-file 


de-pnte 


re-fine 


re-mote 


se-duce 


de-rive 


de-hide 


re-fute 


re-pute 


re-pine 


de-cide 


de-mure 


re-duce 


re-take 


re-buke 



Is Em-ma awake? No, she is a-lone in bed and 
a-sleep. Does Tom be-have well at school ? No, he 
will de-face his desk. Do not let him cut it. His 
teach-er is not se-vere ; but a boy, who does not mind, 
will be pun-ished. 

You may re-cite your les-son, if you have learned it. 
Do you mean to in-vite Charles to play ball ? Is your 
fa-ther a-live ? Yes, sir ; he lives in a town far re-mote 
from this place. 

The air was se-rene and health-ful. She tried to 
e-rase the blot made by the ink in her writ-ing book ; it 
was care-less in her to drop the ink. It was a fault that 
de-served re-buke. Can you re-duce five shil-lings to 
pence ? Spell cyg-net, a young swan. How do you 
speil sig-net, a king's seal ? 

The boy tried to re-gale him-self with the ripe peach- 
as, but he could not rel-ish them, for they had been 
sto-len. Let him that stole steal no more. Look be- 
fore you leap. De-cide not rash-lv. See that va-grant 
wan-der about the streets. . Is he sane or in-sane ? 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



57 



al-liide' 


ad-here' 


as-plre' 


af-ford' 


for-gave' 


as-sume 


ad-vene 


ex-pire 


ex-port 


for-sake 


ad-jure 


ac-cite 


en-tire 


im-port 


cor-rode 


al-lure 


ad-vice 


ex-cite 


sup-port 


con-fide 


ad-mire 


ad-duce 


ex-hale 


re-port 


con-fute 


at-tire 


ar-rive 


em-pale 

2. 

mis-take 


con-trol 


con-duce 


ap-ply 


pro-fane 


a-ri§e 


in-hale 


re-ply 


pro-mote 


mis-name 


a-rose 


in-nate 


com-ply 


pro-voke 


di-vine 


ad-vi§e 


im-pede 


sup-ply 


re-voke 


di-vide 


ex-po§e 


im-bibe 


im-ply 


pro-vide 


dis-pute 


op-pose 


im-pute 


de-cry 


pro-cure 


dis-like 
3. 

con-dole 


sup-pose 


il-lume 


ma-ture 


corn-bin e 


sub-lime 


be-hold 


ma-nure 


corn-pile 


con-nive 


sub-side 


re-mind 


pa-rade 


coin-mode 


con-vene 


sur-vive 


be-hind 


pa-role 


com-pete 


con-fine 


con-cisc 


un-bind 


hu-mane 


com-pute 


con-sume 


pro-fuse 


un-kind 


sa-lute 


com-mune 


con-jure 


mo-rose 


un-wind 


ad-mit 


ca-bal 


4. 

be-gin 


at-tend 


af-fget 


ad-mix 


ca-nal 


be-gan 


ap-pend 


ef-fect 


an-nex 


a-non 


be-gun 


at-test 


in-fect 


al-lot 


a-bet 


be-set 


ar-rest 


ac-cept 


an-nul 


cra-vat 


be-get 


as-sist 


ex-cept 


re-bel 


ca-det 


re-mit 


ad-just 


neg-lect 


re-lax 


dis-pel 


be-held 


un-fit 


a-loft 


re-pel 


dis-til 


be-reft 


un-til 


a-dopt 


re-but 


ex-tol 


de-fend 


un-did 


ac-cost 


re-fit 


for-bid 


de-pend 


un-fix 


jap-an 


lio-tel 


sub-mit 


re-lent 


un-less 


rat-an 


for-got 


ful-fil 


re-pent 


un-just 


lap-el 


Did the bird for-sake her nest ? 


A cru-el boy stole 


her eggs. 


To pro-voke is to make an-gry. 


An-nex is 


to add to. 


He be-gan 


to read. Do not nea 


-lect your 


book. His fa-ther for- 


gave him. 







58 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



com-mit' 


in-sist' 


con-sist' 


ac-cess' 


per-haps' 


corn-pel 


sub-sist 


con-test 


re-cess 


per-plex 


corn-mix 


in-vest 


con-duct 


ex-cess 


per-mit 


com-mend in-fest 


con-tend 


ex-tend 


pro-tect 


col-lect 


in-tent 


con-vict 


ex-tent 


pro-long 


corn-pact 


con-tent 


suc-cess 


ex-pen d 


pro-pel 


le-vant 


en-trap 


in-ciir 


ar-ray 


be-tray 


re-cant 


en-camp 


oc-cur 


al-lay 


dis-play 


de-camp 


re-plan 


re-cur 


de-lay 


dismay 


de-cant 


di-van 


de-mur 


de-cay 


mis-lay 


se-dan 


di-gest 


dis-turb 


re-pay 


por-tray 


tre-pan 


di-vest 


ii-surp 

3. 
in-deed 


re-lay 


a-stray 


at-tain 


con-tain 


yen-duo 


a-ward 


de-tain 


sns-tain 


ex-ceed 


en-sue 


re-ward 


re-tain 


ob-tain 


pro-ceed 


en-due 


be-fall 


as-sail 


or-dain 


suc-ceed 


sub-due 


re-cali 


de-tail 


re-main 


cs-teem 


pur- sue 


in-stall 


pre-vail 


be-wail 


re-deem 


im-bue 


ap-pall 


ap-pear 


re-peat 


4. 

as-sign 


con-dlgn 


a-rigbt 


en-dear 


ap-peal 


de-sign 


con-sign 


arlight 


de-feat 


re-veal 


be-nign 


ma-lign 


de-light 


de-form 


ac-count 


o. 

im-fold 


iin-safe 


e 
a-gain 


re-form 


a-mount 


un-told 


un-like 


a-gainst 


in-form 


re-count 


un-bolt 


u n-1 ace 


a-loug 


blame 


place w 


6. 
hole strong spelt 


month 


flame 


grace stole wrong shelf 


monk 


shame 


trace store tong 


9 dclf 


front 



Com-mit no sin. Be con-tent with what you hate. 
Re-pay what you owe. Pro-ceed with your work. Es- 
teem that which is pure and good. It is un-safe to do 
wrong. De-lay no lon-ger. 



READING AND SPELLING. 69 

Late at School. 

1. You are come to school very late to-day, John : 
your class have read and spelt their les-son, and you 
must lose your place. Can you tell me why you did 
not come in time to read and spell with your class ? 

2. I was kept at home by my moth-er. I had not 
done what she told me to do be-fore I went to school. 
She said it must be done, or I could not go at all. 

3. You were much to blame, John, to de-lay your 
work till school-time. You were at play, were you, 
when you ought to have been at your work. ? 

4. Yes, sir ; I met a boy in the road, and he and I 
went to play with a new ball which he had just bought. 
I did not think I should stay so long ; but when we left 
off play, I found it was late. I will try to do bet-ter in 
time to come. I did wrong to neg-lect my work for play. 

5. I hope you will not do so a-gain. But you have 
lost half an hour this morn-ing ; and if you were to lose 
half an hour each day, how many hours would that 
make in a week ? Can you tell ? 

6. Yes, sir ; there are six days for go-ing to school 
in a week ; if I lose half an hour each day, it would 
make three whole hours. 

7. You are right, John ; and three hours are half a 
day of school-time. And if you should lose half a day 
in a week for one year, it would amount to a whole 
month of your school-time. You see, then, that by 
los-ing on-ly a lit-tle time, each day, it a-mounts to a 
great deal in a year. 

T in the first and e in the last syllable are silent. 

list'en oft'en brist'le nestle buck'le 

glist-en ^soft-en grist-le pest-le tack-le 

christ-en hast-en thist-le whist-le ax-le 

Do not lis-ten to bad words. He is not of-ten out of 
the way. Let him has-ten his work. Did you hear the 
boy whis-tle ? See that this-tle. It has a red flow-er. 
What is an ax-le ? 



60 SPELLING AND READING. 







The Lark. 
1. 
ris/es 




fo/k 


sifting 


ear'ly voice 


fo/ks 


run-ning 


wi§-er 


earth-ly choice 


end'ed 


ov'en 


2a. 

glad'der hap'pi-er 


raend-ed 


doz-en 


glad- 


dest hap-pi-est 



1. Moth-er, said lit-tle Jane one day, why do folks 
say, "gay as a lark"? As James and I were play-ing 
this morn-ing in the lane, uncle Charles came a-long ; 
we had just been run-ning and mak-ing a mer-ry noise, 
and he said, Jane, I am glad to see you so hap-py ; you 
are as gay as a lark. Is a lark a gay bird ? 

2. Yes, Jane, a lark is gay. It seems to be al-ways 
hap-py. At times, you may see it sit-ting and sing-mg 
on the top • of a high tree, mak-ing its voice heard 
far off. 

8. At oth-er times you may see it soar-ing high up 
in the air. As it goes up, it sings ; and when the song 
is end-ed, down it drops in-to the grass a-gain. 

4. The lark al-ways ris-es ear-ly in the morn-ing. 
As soon as it is light e-nough to see, it be-gins to pour 
forth its glad note. Its nest is made in the grass, and 
has a top like an ov-en, to keep off the rain. 

5. I have told you e-nough a-bout the lark now. 
But if you, Jane, would al-ways be as gay as the lark, 
you must al-ways be good. If you are not good, you 
can-not be glad and hap-py. And you must rise ear-ly 
too. They who lie in bed all the morn-ing are apt to 
be cross all day. 



SPELLING AND READING. 61 

The Garden, 

1. 

sorts hoed frSst string first o'pen 

stork named cloth spring third e-ven 

2. 
blos'som planned flbw'ers. Chi'na col'or 
glos-sy grant-ed show-ers, Ei-ga com-fort 



1. What are you do-ing, John ? are you at work in 
your gar-den ? 

2. Yes, I am hoe-ing up the weeds. They grow 
ver-y fast, and they must be hoed up, or my flow-ers 
will nev-er blos-som. 

3. What sorts of flow-ers have you in your gar-den ? 

4. I have many sorts. In this lit-tle bed, I plant-ed 
.some pinks. They are Chi-na pinks, and they blos-som 
the first year. They are very pret-ty, and last a long 
time. 

5. In this cor-ner of my gar-den, I have some rose- 
bush-e§. You can see the buds on them now. Some 
will be red, and oth-ers white. 

6. In this bed are Chi-na as-ters of all col-ors. They 
look like stars. The word as-ter means a star, and they 
might be named star-flow-ers. They do not blos-som 
till late, but they make a fine show. 

7. Here is a morn-ing glo-ry. It is climb-ing up 
that string. When the sun shines, its flow-ers open in 
the morn-ing, and close be-fore noon. But the next 
day, there will be new ones out, and so it keeps blos- 
som-ing, till the frost comes and kills it. 

8. If you will come and see me when my flow-ers 
are in bloom, I will give you a great many, e-nough to 
make a fine nose-gay. 

6 



62 



WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 



1. 



blade 


crape 


prate 


frame 


brave 


price 


glade 


grape 


grate 


crane 


crave 


slice 


shade 


shape 


skate 


plane 


shave 


trice 


spade 


scrape 


state 


slave 


knave 


spice 


trade 


slate 


stage 


grave 


stake 


twice 


grade 


plate 


brace 


stave 


quake 


thrice 


drake 


blaze 


haste 


change 


flare 


bribe 


flake 


braze 


paste 


grange 


glare 


tribe 


shake 


craze 


taste 


strange 


scare 


scribe 


slake 


glaze 


waste 


chafe 


share 


strike 


spake 


graze 


chaste 


baste 


snare 


spike 


snake 


bathe 


swathe 

3 
chine 


phra§e 


square 


t strife 


glebe 


bride 


chime 


smite 


gripe 


theme 


pride 


spine 


clime 


spite 


snipe 


scene 


glide 


thine 


crime 


trite 


tripe 


scheme 


slide 


trine 


prime 


shive 


stripe 


sphere 


chide 


whine 


slime 


prize 


knife 


swine 


stride 


shrine 


brine 


splice 


knive§ 


batch 


snatch 


4 
scalp 


' bald 


wharf 


o 
quash 


latch 


scratch 


spa§m 


scald 


dwarf 


squash 


catch 


thatch 


pha§m 


squall 


swarm 


squat 


hatch 


scrap 


cha§iri 


qualm 


sward 


whap 


match 


strap 


lapse 


chalk 


swarth 


wast 


patch 


scant 


manse 

5 
thigh 


stalk 


quart 


false 


blight 


flight 


sport 


scale 


world 


bright 


knight 


wight 


fortli 


stale 


worth 


fright 


slight 


wright 


sloth 


whale 


worse 


plight 


tight 


spright 

6 
glove 


shorn 


scarce 


worst 


ii 
wort 


shove 


sii'ord 


swear 


bomb 



The birds took their flight be-fore it was night. How 
many knives have you in your pock-et ? The man was 
mow-ing with a scythe. Catch me if you can. Do not 
strike. John drew a prize. 



WORDS OP ONE SYLLABLE. 



H3 



grope 


shote 


drone 


choke 


clove 


globe 


scope 


smote 


prone 


cloke 


drove 


probe 


slope 


wrote 


throne 


smoke 


grove 


quote 


trope 


force 


forge 


spoke 


stove 


close 


score 


horde 


clothe 


stroke 


porch 


prose 


snore 


borne 


clothes 


strove 


|host 


chose 


flute 


brute 


rhyme 


2. 
blithe 


blind 


droll 


stupe 


crude 


tAyme 


lithe 


grind 


knoll 


plume 


truce 


chyle 


tithe 


^hrist 


scroll 


spume 


spruce 


style 


writhe 


ninth 


stroll 


pule 


prune 


scythe 


chives 
3. 
trash 


whilst 


scold 


bland 


plank 


brash 


stack 


6 
swan 


brand 


flank 


crash 


smash 


smack 


wand 


stand 


drank 


clash 


thrash 


knack 


swab 


strand 


frank 


flash 


clack 


stamp 


watch 


crank 


prank 


slash 


slack 


clamp 


swamp 


clank 


thank 


plash 


brack 


cramp 


swash 


grist 


filth 


trick 


4. 
stitch 


ridge 


tinge 


twist 


sixth 


crisp 


twitch 


bridge 


twinge 


wrist 


fifth 


strict 


chrism 


midge 


cringe 


whist 


width 


ditch 


prism 


bilge 


fringe 


didst 


plinth 


hitch 


prince 


hinge 


swinge 


midst 


smith 


witch 


quince 


singe 


springe 


dSdgc 


bISck 


skirt 


<3. 

birch 


scorn 


gorge 


lodge 


clock 


flirt 


smirch 


thorn 


(Jreorgc 


hodge 


frock 


shirt 


thirst 


short 


chord 


copse 


crock 


birth 


whirl 


snort 


corpse 


solve 


knock 


girth 


twirl 


torch 


storm 


sconce 


shock 


mirth 


dirge 


scorch 


tort 



The tree fell with a loud crash. His clothes were 
torn. Do not write on the wall with chalk. The horse 
stum-bled and fell in-to a chasm. My pen is bad, 
John's is worse, but Ann's is the worst. 



64 



WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 



spark 


scarf 


arch 


starve 


blast 


brisk 


shark 


chart 


march 


carve 


clasp 


frisk 


stark 


smart 


larch 


farce 


grasp 


whisk 


chark 


start 


parch 


gape 


flask 


scrip 


sharp 


shard 


starch 


harsh 


blanch 


strip 


scarp 


wrath 


parse 


marsh 
2. 
clench 


branch 


sprit 


brass 


chance 


blend 


fetch 


cling 


glass 


dance 


spend 


drench 


ketch 


fling 


chaff 


lance 


bench 


wrench 


vetch 


sling 


staff 


glance 


tench 


flesh 


sketch 


swing 


chant 


prance 


wench 


fresh 


stretch 


sprig 


slant 


trance 


stench 


thresh 


wretch 


swig 


cleft 


chest 


bless 


3. 
fence 


ledge 


SDlit 


theft 


crest 


chess 


hence 


pledge 


drift 


smelt 


wrest 


dress 


pence 


fledge 


flint 


crept 


guest 


press 


thence 


sledge 


print 


slept 


guess 


cress 


whence 


dredge 


stint 


swept 


whelp 


stress 


scent 
4. 
dense 


wedge 


splint 


delve 


check 


shred 


nerve 


verge 


helve 


speck 


tenth 


sense 


serve 


herse 


twelve 


wreck 


length 


tense 


swerve 


perch 


selves 


quest 


strength lens 


verse 


stern 


dwell 


quench 


twelfth 


tempt 


terse 


sperm 


knell 


quell 


depth 


dreg§ 


serge 


clerk 


cttff 


drill 


shrill 


o. 

stick 


shrink 


crimp 


stiff 


frill 


shrift 


trick 


twink 


shrimp 


sniff 


trill 


thrift 


click 


brick 


pinch 


whiff 


thill 


swift 


thick 


crick 


winch 


bliss 


thrill 


shift 


blink 


chick 


clinch 


Swiss 


quill 


stilt 


clink 


quick 


flinch 



Can you guess the rid-cllc ? The hawk flew down 
swift-ly, and the chick-ens hid them-selves be-hind the 
stack. George walked o-ver the bridge. A birch rod. 
My birth-day. He knocked at the door. 



•SPELLING AND BEADING. 



65 



mourn 


stream 


breathe 


hound 


clean 


bourn 


scream 


sheathe 


pound 


glean 


court 


dream 


eave§ 


sound 


cream 


course 


clear 


greaves 


wound 


bream 


fourth 


shear 


sheave§ 


bound 


steam 


gourd 


spear 


leaves. 


mound 


fleam 




iML 


Wkatm 


-'-. ■«'-- ir . 





fe 



Sheep and Lambs. 

1. It is spring. How glad the sheep and lambs are 
to see the spring come ! The sun and the rain have 
made the grass grow. The lambs skip in the green 
fields, and bite the fresh grass. The grass is good for 
them, and they love to be out on the hills, to breathe 
the pure air, and drink the clear stream. 

2. Are sheep of any use ? Yes, sheep are of great 
use. The wool is cut from, their backs, and made into 
clothes for men to wear. Sheep do not need the wool 
in summer ; and when winter comes, it will be grown 
out again ! The flesh of sheep is good to eat. It is 
called mutton. 



8. See that lamb. How he does skip and play ! He 
is on a rock. How he jumps down and runs to meet 
6* 



66 BEADING AND SPELLING. 

the old sheep, and get some milk ! He wags his tail, 
for he is glad to taste the sweet food. 

4. A fox got a young lamb out of the flock, one 
night, and took it to her den in the woods ; there she 
tore it up far her cubs to eat. We saw the bones and 
the wool of the poor lamb at the mouth of the den. 
The old sheep was sad at the loss of her lamb. She 
ran about, all day, crying lor her lamb ; but no lamb 
could she find. 

5. Poor sheep! you cry in vain. The sly fox took 
your lamb to her den. Her young cubs tore the flesh 
from the bones. The cubs are now asleep in their dark 
hole, while you mourn for the lamb that you loved so" 
dearly. You will see it no more. It will no more 
hear your voice ; it is dead. 

6. Let us get some hounds, and hunt the old fox. 
If the hounds drive her into her den, we may dig her 
out, and take the young cubs away. We will shut 
them up, and not let them eat little lambs any more. 

7. A fox will eat ducks, and geese, and hens, when 
he can catch them. He will eat birds too. If a fox 
sees geese in a pond, he will swim" in to get at them. 
One goose is quite a large load for a fox. He takes a 
goose by the neck, and swings her on his back, and 
trots off. The goose can make no noise, while the fox 
has her by the neck. He bites so hard that she soon 
dies. 



The Blind Man. 

claim growth dough fruit frie'nd 

slain strow though fruits friend § 

1. Look, John ! there is a blind man at the door. 



READING. 67 

Poor man ! Is lie quite blind ? He is ; then, bright as 
the sun shines, he does not see it. 

2. What a sad thing it is to be blind ! If you wish 
to know how this poor man feels, you must shut your- 
self up in a dark room, and then you will be just the 
same, while you are there, as he is now. 

3. How kind the Lord is to us, to spare us our sight ! 
We can see the sun, the moon, and the stars. We can 
see the cows and sheep graze in the fields, and lambs 
skip and play on the hills. We can see the growth of 
corn and grass, and the plants and trees bring forth 
their bloom and fruits. 

4. We can see the ships on the sea, and the waves 
dash the foot of the cliffs. We can see the birds soar 
in the air, or fly from tree to tree ; but this poor blind 
man can see none of these, no more than we could see 
them, if we were shut up in a dark room. 

5. Poor man ! Let us be kind to him. We will go 
and speak to him. Now, my dear, ask him how he 
does. Ask him if he sees us. He says, " he does not 
see us," though we are so near him. 

6. We should always be kind to the poor ; and those 
who are both blind and poor, have twice the claim upon 
us that they have who can see. 



Water runs from the eaves of the house when it rains. 
The leaves on the trees are green. Take care not to 
breathe bad air. Peter fell over the fence. What o'clock 
is it ? It is twelve o'clock. The fruit on the pear tree 
is ripe. The quince tree has no fruit upon it. See the 
boat sail down the stream. 



68 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



sis'ter 

sil-ver 

tim-ber 

tem-per 

suf-fer 

wel-ter 

ten-don 

sex-ton 

eit-ron 

ean-non 

sum-mon 

see-on d 



lm'net 

tip-pet 

gul-let 

pup-pet 

ten-et 

riv-et 

grain-mar 

scan-dal 

bal-lad 

beg-gar 

nee-tar 

cen-tral 



pa r' rot 

car-rot 

bal-lot 

mag-got 

gal-lop 

des-pot 

2. 

san-dal 

vas-sal 

of-fal 

den-tal 

ves-tal 

siff-nal 



pen'eil 

bob-bin 

an-vil 

pnb-lic 

top-ic 

spir-it 

men-tal 

fis-cal 

pet-al 

cor-al 

med-al 

mor-al 



grot'to 

mot>-to 

dit-to 

can-to 

sal-vo 

jun-to 

parlor 

har-bor 

ar-bor 

ar-mor 

ar-dor 

car-go 



schol-ar 

ren-ard 

liz-ard 

wiz-ard 

haz-ard 

stand-ard 

nap-kin 

bod-kin 

vie-tim 

den-tist 

bap-tist 

splen-did 

af-tcr 

raf-ter 

mas-ter 

bask-et 

plas-ter 

slan-der 



slng-gard 

mus-tard 

ens-tard 

scab-bard 

in-ward 

west-ward 

bless-in g 

shil-ling 

ship-ping 

spin-ning 

stop-ping 

wed-ding 

gar-net 

niar-ket 

car-pet 

var-let 

tar-gct 

scar-let 



in-fant 

rem-nant 

dis-tant 

stag-nant 

cur-rant 

in-stant 

4. 
em-blem 
clem-ent 
tan-gent 
ful-gent 
but-ment 
tim-brel 

5. 

art-less 

calm-ness 

liar-vest 

cliar-ter 

par-eel 

mar-vel 



er-rand 

on-ward 

ram-part 

flip-pant 

sul-tan 

sab-bath 

dic-tate 

in-mate 

man-date 

stag-nate 

tes-tate 

nar-ratc 

mar-gin 

pars-nip 

gar-lie 

arc-tic 

far-thing 

mar-quis 



George bought a pencil and a grammar 
repairs teeth. A sluggard does not rise 
woman was spinning. The boy was sent 
rand. Darkness was over the earth. 



har'ness 

hard-ness 

harsh-ness 

sharp-ness 

dark-ness 

tart-ness 

gar'nish 

tar-nish 

var-nish 

art-ist 

dar-ling 

star-ling 

mor-tal 

for-mal 

mor-tar 

or-gan 

dor-mant 

for-ward 

. A dentist 
early. The 
to do an er- 



WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 



69 



cliing 


trunk 


stump 


bunch 


bluff 


brain 


strung 


drunk 


plump 


hunch 


gruff 


drain 


swung 


skunk 


thump 


punch 


snuff 


grain 


wrung 


shrunk 


trump 


crutch 


stuff 


train 


slung 


spunk 


crump 


dutch 


truss 


chain 


lungs 


hunks 


clump 

2 
crust 


hutch 


skull 


plain 


blush 


truck 


strut 


dunce 


stain 


brush 


cluck 


thrust 


shrub 


plunge 


strain 


crush 


stuck 


thrum 


scrub 


judge 


sprain 


flush 


struck 


blunt 


shrug 


drudge 


twain 


plush 


pluck 


grunt 


skulk 


grudge 


faint 


thrush 


chuck 


stunt 

o 


mulct 


pulse 


taint 


churn 


burst 




burse 


bleed 


greet 


paint 


churl 


curst 


curse 


breed 


sleet 


saint 


spurn 


durst 


nurse 


creed 


street 


plaint 


church 


gurge 


purse 


speed 


cheek 


trait 


lurch 


purge 


curve 


steed 


creek 


strait 


scurf 


surge 


furze 

A 


fleet 


sleek 


waist 


steep 


queen 


4. 

beech 


steer 


earth 


plait 


creep 


spleen 


leech 


sneer 


dearth 


trail 


sweep 


screen 


speech 


breeze 


pearl 


quail 


steel 


sleeve 


screech 


freeze 


search 


raise 


kneel 


fleece 


cheer 


sneeze 


hearse 


praise 


wheel 


queer 


sheer 


squeeze 


heard 


chaise 


Her sister was a good scholar. He 


p brother 


did not 



like to study. The blessing of the Lord was upon him. 
The man was not worth a shilling. The Sabbath is a 
day of rest. Where is the church ? 

1. O God, I thank thee that the night 

In peace and rest hath passed away ; 
And that I see in this fair light 

My Father's smile that makes it day. 

2. Bo thou my Guide, and let me lire 

As under thine all-seeing eye ; 
Supply my wants, my sins forgive, 

And make mc happy when I die. PiKrvfONT. 



TO SPELLING AND READING. 



aw 



fought thought old'er bu§'y a-baW 

brought wrought old-est business be-dash 

The unmarked e is silent. 



eaYried pleased looked fetched a-iuiss' 

tar-ried teamed thanked picked a-byss 

The Little Boys Gift. 

1. A little boy had a garden, a spade, a rake, and a 
hoc. He was very fond of working in his garden. One 
summer he had in it a great many pretty flowers, and 
some peas. 

2. When Ins peas were ripe, he said to his sister, I 
will take a basket and pick some peas, and carry them 
to the poor lame man on the Common ; he is so ill now, 
that he cannot ride on his horse as he used to do, and 
go to work. 

3. So the little boy fetched his basket, and was very 
busy picking his peas ; and when he had picked them, 
he carried them to the poor old man, and put them on 
the table. 

4. The poor old man was sitting by the fireside, 
quite alone ; for his wife was gone out to work, and his 
children were a great way off. 

5. When he saw the little boy come in, and put the 
peas upon the table, he smiled and looked glad, and 
thanked him very kindly. 

6. The little boy seemed very happy. His sister was 
pleased to see him so good to the poor old man. I dare 
say, when the old man ate his peas, he thought of the 
little boy, and said, I hope God will bless that boy, who 
is so very good to me. 



blown 


mould 


cr8up 


youth 


guide 


flown 


moult 


group 


wound 


guile 


shown 


source 


your§ 


bou§e 


guige 



WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 



71 



gleam 


streak 


drear 


beach 


bleach 


gleam? 


sheaf 


screak 


smear 


peach 


feast 


sheaves 


cheap 


squeak 


plead 


reach 


beast 


freaks 


bleak 


wreak 


knead 


teach 


least 


beasts 


freak 


treat 


heath 


breach 


yeast 


feasts 


creak 


cheat 


sheath 


preach 

9 


peace 


pleads 


cease 


heave 


bloat 


boast 


board 


leaves. 


lease 


weave 


float 


coast 


hoard 


weaves 


crease 


league 


cloak 


toast 


loath 


floats 


grease 


teague 


croak 


roast 


loathe 


bloats 


leave 


wreath 


groan 


coach 


coarse 


boasts 


cleave 


wreath s 


throat 


roach 


hoarse 


toasts 


spout 


shroud 


ounce 


"foftt 


broil 


groan § 


scout 


flout 


bounce 


hoist 


spoil 


boards 


stout 


couch 


jounce 


joist 


point 


loathes. 


snout 


pouch 


pounce 


moist 


joint 


trouts 


trout 


vouch 


flounce 


roist 


quoin 


spouts- 


sprout 


slouch 


frounce 


groin 
4. 
groove 


quoit 


sprawls 


gr6*c>m 


roost 


tooth 


it 
skein 


sp66ns 


spoon 


sloop 


sooth 


loose 


feint 


grooms. 


swoon 


scoop 


soothe 


moose 


weight 


spoils 


proof 


stoop 


noose 


booth 


freight 


broils 


shoot 


swoop 


boose 


whoop 


eight 


points 


vague 


brief 


shriek 


piece 


aught 


rogue§ 


plague 


chief 


frieze 


fierce 


caught 


plague? 


vogue 


fiend 


liege 


pierce 


naught 


fiends 


rogue 


shield 


siege 


grieve 


taught 


shields 


brogue 


wield 


niece 


thieve 


fraught 


proofs 



wharve§ mosque deuce feud prayer mayor 

See me weave a wreath of flowers. Trouts live in 
cold water. He unwound a skein of silk. Cease to do 
evil. His weight was a hundred pounds. He was busy 
at work all day. A dove is an emblem of peace. 



72 



WORDS OP TWO SYLLABLES. 



re-place' 

de-prave 

de-cline 

de-prive 

re-plete 

de-plore 

de-po§e 

re-po^e 

im-po§e 

dis-pose 

•com-pose 

pro-po§e 

es-trange 

ob-scene 

ab-strtise 

en-throne 

post-pone 

de-scribe 

se-lect 

pre-dict 

pro-ject 

pro-tract 

re-gret 

be-guile 

mis-guide 

di§-gui§e 

re-morse 
en-dorse 
dis-gorge 



em-brace' 

in-cline 

in-clude 

im-plore 

in-fiame 

mis-place 

dis-close 

in-close 

re-close 

de-vi§e 

re-vi§e 

pre-mise 

pre-scribe 

pro-scribe 

in-scribe 

sub-scribe 

chas-tise 

u-nite 

in-tend 
in-duct 
in-ject 
in-struct 
in-fleet 
sw 
per-suade 
dis-suade 



ca-rou§e 

a-rouse 

es-pouse 



1. 

dis-grace' 

en-grave 

en-slave 

ex-plode 

ex-plore 

ex-clude 

2. 
re-spire 
re-store 
de-range 
ar-range 
de-grade 
cre-ate 

3. 
im-pel 
im-pend 
im-print 
im-press 
iu-gest 
in-crust 

4. 
ad-dress 
ag-gress 
at-tract 
af-flict 
ab-rupt 

5. 
ar-raign 
campaign 
cham-paign 

6. 
au-stere 
au-gust 
aug-ment 



pre-clu.de' 

su-preme 

di-vorce 

en-force 

in-spire 

ob-scure 



paces. 

ra-ces 

vi-ces 

ca-ges 

pa-ges 

wa-ges 



ex-change for-ces. 
se-crete for-ges 
ex-treme bolt-ed 
blas-pheme jolt-ed 
con-spire ford-ed 
per-spire post-ed 



ob-ject 

ob-test 

of-fend 

op-press 

ob-struct 

oc-cult 

con-tract 

con-struct 

ex-tract 

sub-tract 

sub-ject 



sift-ed 

lift-ed 

hint-ed 

rent-ed 

melt-ed 

fund-ed 

coach-es 
roach-es. 
vouch-es 
liirch-es 
church-es 



re-hearse oun-ces. 
im-heard floun-ces 
nn-learn poun-ces. 



ba-b66n 
pla-toon 
dra-goon 



faint-ed 
paint-ed 
cheat-ed 



I did not intend to spoil my book. Wax will be 
melted if you put it where the sun shines. Will you 
instruct me in spelling ? August is a warm month. A 
baboon is a large kind of monkey. 



WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE. 



73 



spread 
thread 
stead 


death 

breath 

breadth 


health 
wealth 
stealth 


dealt 

breast 

sweat 


realm 
meant 
cleanse 


deaths 
breasts 
realms 


gouge 
rou§e 
spou§e 
lounge 


douse 
souse 
grouse 
route 


bough 
plough 
slough 
drougin 


fraud 
sauce 
gauze 

i faun 

3. 
drawl 
scrawl 
sprawl 
sp&wn 

4. 
flax 
quaff 
else 


fault 
vault 
pau§e 
clause 


boughs, 
plough § 
frauds, 
faults 


brown 
crown 
drown 
frown 


clown 
growl 
scowl 
scow 


crowd 
browse 
drowse 
bowl 


yawl 
yawn 
pawn 
gnaw 


drawls, 
crawls, 
yawns, 
gnaws. 


seize 
seine 
ceil 


cruise 
brui§e 

cruise 


guard 
gnarl 
czar 


fifths 
sixths 
tenths 


daunt 
gaunt 
vaunt 


prong 

throng 

thong 


stSck 
troth 
prompt 


scoff 

notch 

blotch 


5. 
thick 
click 
prick 

6. 
build 
guild 


waif 

straight 

traipse 


flaunt 

launch 

haunch 


seethe 
wheeze 


ache 
lathe 


Isle 
drac/un 


built 
guilt 


aches 
isles. 


height 
sleight 


qu&ck 
thwack 


frize 
pique 


7. f 
cough 
trough 


nymph 
sylph 


f 
coughs 
laughs 


f 
laugh 


sh 

sure 


6 

yacht 


8. 

sieve 
9. 
• J9shaw 


gauge 


sieves. 


draught 


scourge 


myrrh 


suite 


draughts 



My health is good. See them launch the vessel. 
They painted the vessel. The road was level and 
straight. There was a trough near the road, and cat- 
tle drank the water from it. Frank has little wealth. 
7 



74 



READING AND SPELLING. 



The Hard Task. 

1. Boy. I never can learn this long task ; it is so 
very hard, I am sure I can never learn it. I have been 
at it all the morning, and yet I do not know it any 
more than when I first took up the book. What shall 
I do, mother ? for I want to go out of doors, to swing 
in our new swing. 

2. Mother. Do not talk, nor look off your book ; and 
pray do not think of the swing ; and then you can soon 
learn this hard task quite well. 

3. You say you have been trying to learn it all the 
morning ; but you mistake ; your mind has been out 
of doors ; your thoughts have been in the swing ; and 
in this way your poor eyes can no more learn your les- 
son, than the eyes of a doll could. 

4. This is not like a good or wise boy. Take pains ; 
and while you have work or a task to do, think of it ; 
then you can soon do it ; and when it is done, you will 
be glad, and can go out and play, or swing, as happy 
and as long as you please. 

l. 
ver'min 
her-mit 
ver-dict 
fer-vid 
ser-mon 
fer-vor 

2. 
coun-ter 
foun-der 
floun-der 
bound-less 
boun-ty 
coun-ty 

The weather is pleasant. A flounder is a fish. Fish 
es live in the water. Crack a walnut, and you wil 
find the kernel. The merchant has a ship on the ocean 
It is making a voyage. Foxes have holes. 



arter 


wal'nut 


al-der 


wal-rus 


hal-ter 


wam-pum 


pal-ter 


pai-§y 


pal-try 


warn-ing 


wa-ter 


quar-ter 


ver-bal 


pleas-ant 


ver-nal 


peas-ant 


ser-vant 


pheas-ant 


ver-dant 


feath-er 


mer-chant 


leath-er 


Ger-man 


weath-er 



per'fect 

ser-pent 

fer-vent 

ker-nel 

mer-cy 

pert-ly 

joy-ful 

joy-ous 

boy-ish 

roy-al 

loy-al 

voy-age 



foVes 
box es 
tax es 
sex es 
vex es 
six es 

dish es 
fish es 
lash e§ 
sash es 
loss e§ 
wish es 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



75 



pal' ace 
men ace 
pref ace 
sol ace 
neck lace 
pin nacc 



mail 'age 
dam age 
ad age 
rav age 
sav age 
pack age 



l. 

hom'age 
for ago 
bond age 
im age 
vint age 
pros age 



bag'gage 
cab bage 
pas sage 
mes sage 
til lage 
crib bage 



vil'lage 
pil lage 
cot tage 
pot tage 
um brage 
suf frage 



mal ice jus tice ac tive rep tile 

crev ice of fice cap tive sex tile 

bod ice sol stice fes tive mis sile 

nov ice lat tice pen sive hos tile 

pum ice ser vice cos tive due tile 

prac tice no tice ol ive f u tile 

3. 

lior rid nor id sor did hor net 

tor rid flor in mor bid cor net 

gos sip frol ic tor pid cor set 

fos sil crit ic or bit vor tex 

•of fin trop ic or £his corse let 

gob lin tim id thorn y short er 

4. 

miir der biir nish biir dock brti tal 

pur ser fur nish fur long ru ral 

far ther churl ish mur mur tru ant 

ur gent tar nip sur plus ru mor 

bur gess fur bish hurt ful rude ly 

sur ly tur bid tur ban pru dent 

5. 

ar row cal low shad ow cir cle 

bar row fal low wid ow stir rup 

far row hal low el bow cir cus 

bel low har row shal low fir kin 

bil low nar row spar row vir gin 

min now yar row wil low skir mish 

The king built a palace. The captive is in bondage. 

The justice is not in his office. A circle is round. It 

was a festive day and the boys had a frolic. They went 
to the circus. A hornet will sting. 



stop page 
sal vage 
vi§ age 
plu mage 
her bage 



na tive 
mo tive 
mas sive 
pas sive 
for tile 
ser vile 

f am ine 
jas mine 
des tine 
en gine 
doc trine 
cor nice 

bor row 
mor row 
sor row 
fol low 
hoi low 
sor row§ 



76 



SPELLING AND READING. 



1. 



boil'er 


glov'er 


wor'ry 


pau'per 


pon'tiff 


toi let 


cov ert 


montb ly 


sau cer 


mid riff 


join er 


won der 


spon gy 


gau dy 


dan draff 


point er 


gov ern 


come ly 


sau cy 


tar iff 


oint ment 


wont ed 


love ly 


sau sage 


sher iff 


loi ter 


slov en 


porn mel 
2. 


au tuinn 


dis taff 


worn an 


good ness 


5 

quar rel 


6 

watch er 


Mon day 


worst ed 


wool ly 


quar ry 


wash er 


com pass 


wolf ish 


foot ing 


quan turn 

3. 
ea gle 


wasp ish 


com bat 


dir ty 


bee tie 


peo pie 


some thing 


tbir ty 


fee ble 


bea gle 


bau ble 


noth ing 


squir rel 


nee die 


bea die 


cau die 


monk ish 



The steam boiler burst. The woman broke a saucer. 
The eagle caught a squirrel. Some people have noth- 
ing to do. It is a lovely day in autumn. Pontiff is a 
name given to the pope. Worsted is made of wool. 



Evening Hymn. 

1. 

I owe to thee, great God above, 

Each good this day I've known, 
And come to thank thee for the love 

That thou to me hast shown. 
2. 
I'll seek each day to learn thy word, 

And try to do thy will ; 
And then I know that thou, Lord, 

Wilt love and bless me still. 



To thee my God for strength I pray, 

In thy good ways to live ; 
And all I've done that's wrong this day, 

Forgive, Lord, 



forgive. 



READING. 77 

The Good Boy. 

1. A little boy, about seven years old, was on a visit 
to a lady who was very fond of him. 

2. One morning at break'fast, there was some hot 
bread upon the table. It was handed to him, but he 
would not take it. 

3. " Do you not like hot bread ? " said the lady. 
"Yes," said he, " I like it very much." " Then, my 
dear, why do you not take some ? " " Because," said 
the little boy, " my father does not wish me to eat hot 
bread, and he would not like it if I should." 

4. " But your father is a good way off," said the lady, 
" and will not know whether you eat it or not. You 
may take it for once ; there will be no harm in that." 

5. " No," said the boy, " I must not eat it. I must 
do as my father and mother told me to do, if they are 
a great way off. I would not touch it if I were sure 
that no one would see me ; I should know it myself, 
and that would be enough." 



God, 



Who gave the sun its warmth and light ? 
Who made the moon that shines so bright, 
And all the stars that glow at night ? 

God! 

Who gave us life and all we prize ? 
Who shields us when we close our eyes ? 
Who guards us when at morn we rise ? 

God! 

Who sends sweet sleep unto my bed ? 
By whom are all the wild birds fed ? 
Who gives to me each day my bread ? 

God! 

Who knows each thing that, night or day, 
I dream or think, or do or say ? 
Who hears me when I kneel to pray ? 

God! 

7* 



78 



WOEDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



ad vance' 
en hance 
ro mance 
re cast 
en grasp 
re past 



con trast' 
com mand 
de mand 
gal lant 
snr pass 
re pass 



1. 

a baft 7 
a vast 
a slant 
in graft 
en chant 
mi clasp 



re gard' 
re tard 
re mark 
de part 
im part 
dis card 



pa pa' 
mamma 
be calm 
be half 
em balm 
guit ar 



de bar 
un bar 
ci gar 
a larm 
un arm 
dis. arm 



en large 
dis charge 
em bark 
dis bark 
a part 
ca tarrh 

con cern 
con cert 
su perb 
e merge 
di verge 



per form 
con form 
trans form 
for lorn 
sub orn 
a dorn 

3. 
a verse 
in verse 
re verse 
con verse 
per verse 
trans verse 

4. 
de claim 
re claim 
re frain 
ac quaint 
com plaint 
con straint 

5. 

de cease 
re lease 
de crease 
in crease 

6. 
dis plays 

The wicked try to conceal their 
which is evil. There is no discharge in that war. They 
complain of the expense". They are afraid, and retreat 
beneath the hill. He gave a hearty response. 



con vert 
per vert 
■ex pert 
as .sert 
in ert 
de sert 

im ruSuse 

ex pense 

dis pense 

sus pense ex plain 

con dense ab stain 

re spouse con strain 



ac claim 
ex claim 
com plain 



be smear 
con ceal 
un clean 
bo hea 



re treat 
be speak 
be queath 
be neath 



ac cord 
ab sorb 
ex tort 
re tort 
re sort 
ab hor 

im merse 
as perse 
dis perse 
ob serve 
de serve 
re serve 

pro claim 
dis claim 
re gain 
per tain 
do main 
a fraid 

ap pease 
dis please 
dis ease 
be reave 



a ver 
a vert 
in vert 
di vert 
re vert 
sub vert 

in fer 
in ter 
de ter 
de fer 
con fer 
co erce 

con ceal 
an neal 
mis lead 
im peach 
ar rear 
en treat 

ac crue 
im brue 
de trade 
in trade 



de cays de lays 



sub dues pur sues 
faults. Abhor that 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



79 



be lief 
re lief 
be lieve 
re lieve 
a chieve 
a piece 

cru sade 
bro cade 
gre nade 
bri gade 
cas cade 
block ade 

en croach 
ap proach 
re proach 
a float 
a board 

con ceit 
de ceit 
re ceipt 
re ceive 
per ceive 

ap prove 
dis prove 
im prove 
re prove 

a 

o beys 
sur vey§ 



re prieve 
re trieve 
ag grieve 
be siege 
fron tier 
cash ier 

de fence 
of fence 
pre tence 
com mence 
fi nance 
con vince 

e lect 
e rect 
re quest 
be quest 
e quip 

de ceive 
con ceive 
dis seize 
re view 
a dieu 

o bilge 
ob lique 
o paque 
pro rogue 



1. 

e volve' 
re volve 
de volve 
in volve 
re §olve 
dis; solve 

2. 
di rect 
di vest 
di gress 
dis tress 
dis sect 
dis tract 

3. 
a bridge 
ad judge 
mis judge 
pre judge es quire 
dis, lodge re quite 



a venge' 
re venge 
in fringe 
ex punge 
im pinge 
un hinge 

a gree 
de gree 
de cree 
set tee 
trus tee 
gran dee 

ac quire 
in quire 
re quire 



4. 

di§ miss 
dis cuss 
dig gust 
di§ band 
pos sess 

5. 
re §ent 
re sist 
re suit 
a dult 

6 : 
cle layed 

de cayed 



ac cede 
con cede 
pre cede 
re cede 
se cede 

a 

o bey 
con vey 
sur vey 
pur vey 



as cend' 
de scend 
de scent 
ab scind 
ab scond 
de spond 



gran tee 
gen teel 
mis deed 
com peer 
dis creet 
nan keen 

de sire 
re side 
re §ume 
pre sume 
re sign 

fa tigue 
in trigue 
ma rine 
ma chine 
ca price 

con vtilse 
re pulse 
in dulge 
di vulge 



o beyed de layed ac crued in dulged 
sur veyed de cayed im brued di vulged 

It is wrong to divulge a secret. He could not be- 
lieve the story. The rogue will deceive. Review your 
lesson. Can you ascend the ladder without fatigue ? 
The machine is broken. Resolve to obey the command. 
He wrote a receipt. 



80 READING. 



The Shark. 

1. The largo whale and the fierce shark both live in 
the sea. From the whale we get the oil, which we burn 
in our lamps to give us light. The shark has a large 
mouth and sharp teeth ; to large and sharp that he is 
able to bite off a man's legs. 

2. I will tell you a story I hart Vard of one of these 
sharks. There was once a ship, saii^g to a land a long 
way off. I think it was going to China :*%r tea and oth- 
er things, which do not grow in our land. 

3. In this ship there was a little girl, as young and 
small as you. She went one day to play on the deck, 
and did not take proper care, but ran too near the side 
of the vessel, and fell into the sea. 

4. Now, as she did not know how to swim, she could 
not get out of the water, and must soon have drowned, 
if a kind man had not seen her, and jumped into the 
sea, and caught hold of her. 

5. A rope was thrown to draw them out, when a 
great shark, that was near, swam close up to them, and 
was just going to seize them ; but the man's son taw it. 
and though he was but a small boy, yet he could swim 
well; so he took a sword in his hand, and sprang into 
the sea. 

6. The boy cut the shark two or three times with the 
sword, whilst they took the man and little girl on board 
the ship. They then threw a rope for the boy to take 
hold of too ; he caught it, and was just drawn out of 
the sea, when the fierce shark, who could not bear to 
lose his prey, sprang up, and bit the poor boy's legs 
both off, and ate them up. 

7. The boy did not live long, yet he was glad that 
his father and the little girl were not hurt. He thanked 
God that he had been able to save their lives, though 
he must suffer so much pain, and lose his own life. 
And as he was a good boy, we may hope that God took 
him to that world where the good are always happy, 
and never die any more. 



READING AND SPELLING. 



81 



The Bible. 



1. Good boys and girls love to read the Bible. It is 
the best of all books. God himself commanded good 
men to write it. 

2. In the Bible, we read of all the great and good 
things God has done for us, and for all people. There 
we learn how just, and wise, and good he is, and what 
we must do to serve and please him. 

3. There too we read of Christ, who was so good, and 
who has done so much for us. He never did harm to 
any body. He never did any thing that was wrong. 
He was gentle and kind to all, even to those who were 
unkind to him ; and when wicked men were just going 
to put him to death, he prayed to God to forgive them. 

4. When we have read or heard about Christ, and 
who he was, and what great things he has done for us, 
who are sinners, we must love him, and be thankful to 
him, and try to be like him. 



en'try 
gen-try 

bel-fry 
sen-try 
sul-try 
pan- try 

vgs-try 
drop-sy 

has-ty 
stir-ly 



cipher 
mi-ser 

meth-od 
eph-od 
bish-op 
her-on 

scl-ence 
cre-dence 

dip/i-thong 
trip/t-thong 



1. 

puYpose 
tur-bot 

2. 
bo-som 
mov-ing 
mov-er 
los-er 

3. 
m-quest 
gen-tile 

4. 
mTn-ute 
let-tuce 



plen'ty 
fren-zy 

zeph-yr 
ber-yl 
sib-yl 
mar-tyr 

res-pite 
gran-ite 

u 
knight-hood 
false-hood 



haVoc 
traf-fic 

c66p-er 
cool-er 
gloom-y 
fool-ish 

shep-/ierd 
south-ern 

u 

child-hood 
man-hood 



Zephyr is a mild, soft wind. Who was the first mar- 
tyr ? A shepherd takes care of sheep. Lettuce grows 
in a garden. To be hasty is foolish. He told a false- 
hood. A cooper makes barrels. He was a loser by his 
traffic. Do you cipher at school ? Frenzy is madness. 



82 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



alley 


hack'ney 


j.. 
bar'ley 


par'ent 


sa'bre 


gal ley 


lack ey 


par ley 


dar er 


me tre 


yai ley 


jock ey 


pars ley 


dar ing 


mi tre 


med ley 


chiin ney 


tiir key 


par ing 


ni tre 


kid ney 


vol ley 


ker sey 


flar ing 


fi £re 


mot ley 


pul ley 


jer §ej 

2. 
arch er 


war y 


li vre 


car nal 


parch ment 


nour ish 


cen tre 


gar land 


char£ er 


card er 


flour ish 


Ins tre 


car n age 


far thing 


harp er 


jour nal 


seep tre 


car cass 


par tridge 


sharp er 


jour ney 


spec tre 


ar dent 


car tridge 


cart er 


coup let 


bram ble 


gar ment 


por ridge 


gar ter 
3. 

swin die 


coun try 


trem ble 


crum ble 


daz zle 


star tie 


treb le 


grum ble 


puz zle 


slmf fle 


spar klo 


trip le 


scuf fle 


driz zle 


strag gle 


mar ble 


am pie 


scut tie 


muz zle 


stum ble 


gar gle 


coup le 


thim ble 


grid die 


spin die 


ciir die 


do ub le 


dwin die 


scrib ble 


strug gle 


mjr tie 


troub le 


eat er 


pay er 


4. 

dai ry 


bear er 


wad die 


lead er 


play er 


dai sy 


swear er 


wab ble 


deal er 


lay er 


dai n ty 


wear er 


squab ble 


hear er 


pay ment 


sail or 


bear ing 


swad die 


glean er 


pray ing 


trai tor 


wear ing 


wat tie 


reap er 


play thing 


tai lor 


bear ish 


war ble 


read y 


sleep er 


O. 

gain er 


shoul der 


cSn vass 


hear y 


sweep er 


jail er 


cours er 


cut lass 


stead y 


free dom 


train er 


mould er 


mat rass 


health y 


free ly 


paint er 


mourn er 


wind lass 


wealth y 


meek ly 


wait er 


poul try 


har ass 


earth y 


need y 


nail er 


poul tice 


dam ask 



The turkey has ten young turkeys. An archer has a 
bow and arrows. The flowers of the myrtle and the dai- 
sy. A sabre is a kind of sword. It is on the centre of 
the table. The children obeyed their parents. They 
made a journey to Boston. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



83 



li'kcn 
ra yen 
ha ven 
la den 
fro zen 
sto len 

eat en 
beat en 
cheap en 
weak en 
wheat en 
heath en 

n a 7 tion 
ra tion 
sta tion 
mo tion 
no tion 
por tion 

man sion 
pas sion 
pen sion 
ten sion 
mis sion 
ver sion 



bra'zen 
to ken 
spo ken 
gra yen 
old en 
molt en 

heav en 
lead en 
dead en 



1. 

sad'den 
fresh en 
kit ten 
rot ten 
hap pen 
red den 

2. 
light en 
tight en 
fright en 



threat en deep en 
weap on sweet en 



earth en 

ac'tion 
fac tion 
sec tion 
men tion 
die tion 
fie tion 

y 
capt ure 

rapt lire 

lect ure 

vest ure 

pict ure 

mixt ure 



giv'en 
sev en 
vix en 
wax en 
rig en 
cho§ en 

par don 
par son 
ar son 
per son 
poi son 
vein son 

auc'tion 
cau tion 
cau tious 
nup tial 
frac tious par tial 
fie tious mar tial 

y 4. y 

stat ure vult ure 
nipt ure cult ure 
punc ture vent ure 
text ure strict ure 
tinct ure script ure 
gest ure 
7 5. 



beech en 

3. 
frac' tion 
fric tion 
cap tious 
fac tious 



reason 
sea son 
trea son 
dea con 
bea con 
pris on 

ca pon 
ba con 
ma son 
ba sm 
rai §in 
cous. in 

dun geon 
blucl £con 
gud £eon 
pi£ eon 
sur £eon 
stur £eon 

an guish 
Ian guish 
Ian guid 
pen guin 
Ian guage 
sculpt ure ro gzash 



post ure feat ure stat ue sav ior faith ful 

cinct ure creat ure val ue sen ior pain ful 

junct ure nat ure virt ue jun ior gain ful 

struct ure fut ure fort une cloth ier ei ther 

tort ure sut ure moist ure viz ier nei ther 

nurt ure past ure joint ure coll ier ceil ing 

The water in the river is frozen. The mission of the 
Savior was to save the sinful. A dungeon is a prison. 
Be cautious how you behave. Use no profane language. 
Heaven is a place of rest and peace. Be faithful unto 
death. 



84 SPELLING AND READING. 

Frank. 



graVel 


be tween' 


gar'den er 


trav el 


be seech 


car pen ter 


shek el 


a greed 


bar vest er 


grov el 


ca reer 


har bin ger 



1. One day, Frank went out to walk with his moth- 
er ; and he came to a gate that was painted green ; and 
he stopped at the gate, and looked between the rails of 
it ; and he saw a pretty garden, with a great many beds 
of flowers in it. 

2. There were nice clean gravel walks between these 
flower beds, and all around the garden. And against 
the walls of the garden, there were plum trees and 
cherry trees ; and the cherries and plums looked as if 
they were ripe. 

3. And Frank called to his mother, who was a little 
way off; and he said, " Mamma, come and look at this 
pretty garden. I wish I might- open this gate, and go 
in, and walk in it." 

4. " My dear," said his mother, " you must not open 
the gate. This garden does not belong to me ; and I 
cannot give you leave to walk in it." 

5. There was a man nailing up a net over a cherry 
tree, in this garden ; and he came to the gate, and 
opened it, and said, " Will you walk in ? This garden 
belongs to me, and I will give you leave to walk in it." 

6. Frank's mother thanked the man, and she turned 
to Frank and said, " If I take you with me, Frank, to 
walk in this garden, you must take care not to meddle 
with any thing in it." And Frank said that he would 
not meddle with any thing in the garden ; and his 
mother took him into it. 

7. Frank did not touch any thing, nor tread upon 
any of the borders ; and the person to whom the gar- 
den belonged, who was a gardener, said to his mother, 
" I hope, when you come this way again, you will walk 
in this garden of mine, and bring this little gentleman 
with you ; for I am sure, by what I see of him now, 
that he will not do me any mis'clnef." — Edgeworth. 



WORDS OP TWO SYLLABLES. 



85 



fra'grant 


cha'os 


1. 

ca'dence 


tu'nmlt 


ran'ges. 


fra grance 


cbo ral 


si lence 


e diet 


chan ges. 


fla grant 


id and 


si lent 


A pril 


pau §e§ 


pha lanx 


ju lep 


flu ent 


ze nith 


clau §e§ 


bri dal 


us. age 


fre quent 


cam brie 


ditch e§ 


e qual 


post age 


li cense 

2. 
lyr ic 


flo rist 


stitcb e§ 


by men 


syl van 


syn od 


pri ce§ 


cy press 


tym pan 


mys tic 


sym bol 


gra ce§ 


by pben 


tym bal 


typ ic 


symp torn 


pie ces. 


ty rant 


crys tal 


cyn ic 


hys sop 


nie ce§ 


by drant 


cyg net 


styp tic 


gyp s y 


siir ge§ 


by son 


syn tax 


syr inge 

3. 
pre§ ence 


sys tern 


bar ge§ 


drag on 


en trance 


sen ate 


edg es 


flag on 


in stance 


sen tence 


pal ate 


hedg e§ 


spig ot 


dis tance 


es sence 


frig ate 


teacb e§ 


fatn om 


pen ance 


ab sence 


prel ate 


preach e§ 


seaf fold 


snb stance 


prov nice 

4. 
vis it 


col lege 


plea§ e§ 


prom ise 


venge ance 


pi ous 


noi ses. 


an ise 


ped ant 


mu§ lin 


ni trous 


voi ce§ 


fran chise 


ten ant 


ros in 


fa mous 


jui ce§ 


yes tige 


di§ mal 


gos ling 


po rous 


prin ce§ 


mor tise 


1ms band 


wis. dom 


spi nous 


frin gc§ 



Flowers are fragrant. The zenith is the point over- 
head. Fulfil your promise. Cruel kings are called 
tyrants or despots. A college is a place for study. 
Syntax is a part of grammar. Muslin is fine, thin 
cloth, made of cotton. He found an entrance to the 
cavern. A cygnet is a young swan. Cambric is fine 
white linen. Julep is a pleasant drink or liquid medi- 
cine. Vengeance is violent revenge. A hydrant is a 
pipe to let off water. Barges are boats for pleasure, or 
for burdens. Zenith is the point overhead. Surges are 
Sylvan, relating to woods. 
8 



high waves of the sea 



8b READING. 

The Careless Girl. 

1. A little girl, whose mother was so kind as to teach 
her to read, had a great many pretty books given to 
her ; but she did not take care of them, but used to 
tear and dirty them, so that they could not be read. 

2. One day her aunt gave her a new book, full of 
reading and pretty pictures. Her aunt desired her to 
take care of it, and not let it be either dirty or torn. 
The little girl said she would be sure and keep it very 
safe. 

3. But she forgot to put it into her box, after she had 
been reading it ; and so it was tossed about, and some 
of the leaves were pulled out, and the cover broken off; 
and at last a little dog played with it, and gnawed it to 
pieces. 

4. Then the little girl could not read it any more, 
nor see the pretty pictures again. She was now sadly 
vexed that she had been so careless, and wished for a 
new book, and her father was so kind as to buy her one. 

5. But she soon let that be spoiled, as the last had 
been. All her friends grew tired of giving her books, 
when they saw that she took no care of them ; so at last 
she had no book to read in. 

6. What a sad thing it was to have no book to read ! 
I hope all the little boys and girls, who hear about this 
silly child, will think of her, and take care not to let 
their own books be so torn and spoiled as hers were ; 
but, when they have done reading, put them away in 
some safe place. 



col'ter bol'ster saun'ter bys'ter gross'ness 

bal 16on' re proof bas soon' a 166f be tide' 
buf foon dis proof rac coon fes toon be time? 

Did you ever see a balloon ? Yes, sir ; I have seen a 
little one. How large was it ? About as large as my 
head. What became of it ? A boy let it escape from 
his hand, and it arose higher and higher, till I could 
hardly see it. 



WORDS OP TWO SYLLABLES. 



87 



sh 
pa'tience 
pa tient 
quo tient 


sh 
coVscience 
con scious 
tran sient 


zh 1. 
pleas/ure 
trea§ ure 
mea§ ure 

2. 
a mu§e' 
ac cu§e 
re fu§e 
con fu§e 
suf fu§e 


vi"cious 
pre cious 
spe cial 


fla'ky 

sla ty 
spi ny 


be ware' 
com pare 
pre pare 
de clare 
in snare 


sur tout' 
con tour 
car touch 
ag group 
a mour 


af fair' 
des pair 
im pair 
re pair 
un fair 


I'dler 
tri fler 
gam bier 
ram bier 
med dler 


pro long 
be yond 
at tack 
un lock 


at tach 
de tach 
in trench 
re trench 


af firm 
con firm 
in firm 
un gird 

4. 
ga zette 
co q^ette 
fi nesse 


bap tlze 
cap size 
as size 
ap prize 


nam'ing 
gam ing 
fil ing 
fum ing 


re new 
be dew 
es chew 

sh 
as sure 
en sure 


be low 
be stow 
di§ own 


bur lesque 
gro tesque 
ha rangue 


iirg'ing 
rul ing 

bath ing 


de spatch 
be witch 


0. 

re cruit 
pur suit 


re course 
dis course 


jui'cy 
flee cy 


e lapse 
re lapse 
e clipse 
el lipse 


ap plaud 
de fraud 
as sault 
de fault 


6. 
a bove 
a mong 
a mongst 
af front 


en joy 
em ploy 
al loy 
an noy 


racing 
wa£ ing 

pa£ ing 
Sdg ing 


be head 
in stead 


ap praise 
dis praise 


t . 
de vout 
de vour 
f 8. 
tough'en 
rough en 
tough ness 
rough ness 


de coy 
de stroy 


aw fill 
past ry 


a 

neigh'bor 

eight y 
weight y 
weigh er 


guil'ty 

build er 
build ing 
gum ea 


jeal'ous 
zeal ous 
griev ous 
thiev ish 


kin'dlest 
hum blest 
daz zlest 
troiib lest 



Patient labor seldom fails of success. His neighbor 
was jealous. Do not refuse him that pleasure. A guil- 
ty conscience has no peace. Eschew the idler and the 
trifler. Beware of the roughness of the road. 



88 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



con'qwer 


cbn'quest 


os'trich 


htiii'oY 


robbed 


prompt er 


con gress 


off spring 


can dor 


rubbed 


buck ler 


prog ress 


nos tril 


sculp tor 


caged 


buck ster 


fond ness 


ten dril 


ecli o 


pledged 


snuf fers 


con test 


con script 


ep och 


rigged 


pin cers 


con vent 


con flict 

sh 2. 

cen sure 


sci§ §ors 


sagged 


gni pire 


del uge 


vol ume 


called 


bon fire 


prel ude 


ten sure 


fig ure 


walled 


e^ ile 


ref uge 


ton sure 


ten ure 


dimmed 


pen knife 


ref use 


fis sure 


fail ure 


tanned 


um pire 


sailed ule 


pres sure 


verd ure 


tuned 


vac cine 


prod uce 


tis"sue 
3. 

ac id 


grand eur 


earned 


ri£ id 


fri£ id 


dow er 


tarred 


vi| il 


log ic 


plac id 


tow el 


stirred 


digit 


a£ ile 


tac it 


trow el 


caned 


sigil 


fra£ ile 


fac, ile 


bow q\§ 


roved 


maj ic 


le£ er 


doc ile 


prow ess 


gazed 


tra£ ic 


pa£ eant 


proc ess 

4. 
pul pit 


pow der 


prized 


daugh ter 


f oi ble 


cow ard 


breathed 


slaugb ter 


join er 


pud ding 


dow las 


sheathed 


haugh ty 


coin er 


bul lock 


down ward 


wronged 


naugh ty 


coin age 


bul wark 


down y 


hanged 


fan cet 


oily 


ful ness 


drow sy 


warmed 


an dit 


noi sy 


cuck 6o 


town ship 


harmed 


can cus 


pru ner 


5. 

scrii pie 


lunch eon 


bowed 


tau rus 


pru dence 


pru dish 


punch eon 


awed 


fault y 


rude ness 


rbu barb 


truncli eon 


used 


bap tized' 


t 
at tacbed' 


6. 
re paired' 


af firmed' 


fined 


ap prized 


de tacbed 


im paired 


con firmed 


pined 



An acid is sour. To advance is to make progress. 
An ostrich is a large bird. A finger is sometimes called 
a digit. A coward is afraid. The daughter impaired 
her health. Prudence is a virtue. He heard the echo. 



WORDS OP TWO SYLLABLES. 



89 



dog'ged 
crag ged 
stag ger 
swag ger 
rag ged 
rug ged 

gig'gle 
gir die 

mea gre 
ea ger 
giz zard 



gi»g 



liam 



era ii kle 
crin kle 
wrin kle 
tin kle 
sprin kle 
twin kle 

law yer 
saw yer 
draw er 
taw ny 
taw dry 
awk ward 



fog gy 

crag gy 

jaggy 

scrag gy 
bug gy 

an gle 
fan gle 
tan gle 
dan gle 
din gle 
jin gle 

blank et 
trin ket 
bank er 
tink er 
drunk ard 
tank ard 



1. 

gmi'let druggist laced 

gig let slug gish placed 

gild er wag gish chafed 

gift ed pig gin scoffed 

gild ing nog gin dressed 

gid dy leg gin pressed 

2. 

min gle an gler helped 

tin gle bun gler locked 

span gle mon ger rocked 

man gle mon grel sacked 

wran gle youn ger sipped 

shin gle youn gest tripped 

3. 

bank rupt van quish pinched 
tran quil 



in stinct 
frank ly 
frank lin 
an ehor 

4 - y 

scoun drel bill ion 

sound ness pill ion 
sour ness mill ion 
trou §er§ 
sound ly 
thou sand 



twink ling fetched 
cank er sketched 



doubt ful 
doubt less 
dough ty 
tell er 
till er 
spell er 

The case is 
stars twinkle. 



trill ion 
cull ion 
scull ion 

5 - y 
mm ion 

pin ion 

on ion 

pr&ss ing 

hiss ing 



rank ness 
con ger 
sin gly 

b&nn ian 
brill iant 
ruff ian 
val iant 
gall iard 
Ind ian 
y 



mixed 
taxed 
fixed 

shipped 

whipped 

dirked 

chirped 

wai-ped 

worked 



inouii tain mm ion f ii ial tasked 

foun tain pin ion pon iard masked 

found ling on ion bill iards rasped 

will ing press ing scoff ing dropped 

tell ing hiss ing off spring stopped 

yell ing toss ing puff ing flapped 

doubtful. We cannot decide it. The 
The valiant man is brave. His manner 



was awkward. An angler is eager to catch fish. James 
was the youngest of his father's offspring. 
8* 



90 SPELLING AND BEADING. 





The Blind Girl. 

1. 

stbck'ings. blind'ness 
knot#l edge kind ness 

j. 




gay'ly 
dai ly 


h&lp'less 
sleep less 


knit'ting 
sing ing 


t a. 
finished great'er 
van ished great est 


cheer'ful 
use ful 



1. Nothing useful can be done without a good will 
towards it; and the reason why little Anna did not 
learn to read and work well, was because she wanted a 
good will ; that is, she had no real desire to learn. 

2. She always thought her lessons were too hard ; 
and, instead of trying to learn, she used to cry, and 
say, indeed, she could not do it. She wished to read 
pretty stories to divert her ; but she wanted to know 
how to read all at once, and could not bear the trouble 
of learning by degrees, — first to spell short words, and 
then proceed to longer ones. 

3. One day, Anna had leave given her to take a walk 
with Mary. While they were out, a heavy shower of 
rain fell, and they ran to take shelter in a cottage which 
stood at a short distance from the road. There they 
saw a blind girl, ten or twelve years old, who was knit- 
ting a stocking, and singing gayly at her work. 

4. Anna looked at her with surprise, and asked her 
if she had learned to knit before she was blind ; and the 
girl made answer, that she had been born blind. An- 
na's wonder was now greater than before ; and, after 
some pause, she said, — " I cannot think how you could 
ever learn to knit, for it must have given you a great 
deal of pain and trouble." 

5. " It did at first," said the blind girl ; " but I tried 
to learn with a good will, and the trouble was soon 
over. When I was about seven years of age, a woman, 
who lives in the next house, said to me one day, — 
' Though you are blind, that is no reason why you 



READING. 91 

should be quite helpless. If you are willing, little girl, 
I think I can teach you to knit stockings for your fa- 
ther to wear ; but then you must promise not to be 
afraid of the trouble of learning, for you will not find it 
to be quite easy at first.' " 

6. " Well, I assure you I was very glad to take this 
offer ; as it sometimes made me sad to think, that, while 
my sister was helping my father and mother, I could 
do nothing useful for any of them ; so I got the knit- 
ting needles, and went to work. 

7. " For a long time I learned very slowly, and I often 
thought I should never be able to knit ; but I was told 
to go on with a good will, and at last I finished a pair 
of garters. I next began to knit stockings, and now I 
find it no trouble to knit all day ; and people like to 
buy stockings that are the work of a poor blind girl." 

8. When Anna heard all this, she felt how very 
wrong her conduct must be. She thought if a blind 
child could learn to knit, how much more easy it was 
for her, who had her eyesight, to learn to read and 
work. 

9. The next day, she went to her tasks with a good 
will. Her tasks had never seemed so easy as now ; 
and she learned more in one day than she had often 
done before in a whole week. 



Gratitude to Teachers. 

I ought to remember the kindness of those 

Who teach me at school with such trouble and pains : 

"lis better than giving me money or clothes ; 
For, when they are gone, yet my learning remains. 



While taught thy word of truth, 
May I that word receive ; 

And, when I hear of Jesus' name, 
In that blest name believe. 



92 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



a'gue 


re'gion 


fashion 


lSop'ard 


ar gue 


le £ion 


cush ion 
2. 

hog§ head 


' jeop ard 


liq uid 


lieu ter 


cSr riage 


liq wop 


neu tral 


fore Aead 


mar riage 


us 


urn 


3. 




bel lows 


i ron 


wea sel 


e \i\ 


gal lows 


a pron 


tea §el 


wee vil 


sh 




4. 




sug ar 


hith er 


cap tain 


bar gain 


su mach 


whith er 


chap lain 


ciir tain 


sure ly 


neth er 


yil lain 


purs lain 


sure ty 


wheth er 


cer tain 


mur rain 


bor ougk 


con duit 


5. 

ver juice 


I 
Eng land 


thor ough 


bis cuit 


non suit 


Eng lish 


ftir lough 


e'ir cuit 


law suit 
6. 

com ma 


worn en 


siir feit 


gra cious 


plain tiff 


for feit 1 


spa cious 


man na 


bai liff 


for eign 


spe cious 


sen na 


cai tiff 


mul lein 


liis cious 


stig ma 


rai ment 


sor rel 


ii 
wor ship 


t. 

a corn 


twen ty 


for est 


wor thy 


stub born 
8. 

trea cle 


em/? ty 


ledg er 


pom pous 


hu mor 


lodg er 


lep rous 


mea §les 


phy§ ic 


liedg er 


cal lous 


grea sy 


istA mus 


cudg el 


mon strous 


trea ty 


de6t or 


budg et 


gip })ous 


treat ment 


hon est 


judg ment 


ner yous 


trea ti§e 


sol emu 



rate ful 



fifth ly 



0. 



slav ish 



dusk y 



The fashion of this world passeth away. John was 
clothed in coarse raiment. The judge gave an honest 
judgment in that case. He would not endure such 
treatment. Worship God in spirit and in truth. 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



93 



zh 

bra'§ier 
o §ier 
ho §ier 
y 

aTien 
sold ier 
court ier 

aii them 
pamph let 
cem ent 

beau ty 

char coal 
co coa 

seven night 
fort night 

heif er 

schoon er 
boot y 

ec lbgue 
prol ogue 

sun day 
tue§ day 
we^n^§ day 
thiirs day 
fri day 



zh 
a'zure 
ra zure 
sei zure 

priest ess 
brief ly 
chief ly 
y 

mixt ion 
bast ion 
quest ion 

sh 

nau seous 

sin ew 
mil dew 



l. 



6. 



break fast 
breath less 

sh 7. 

an cient 

8. 
f u. §ion 
vi§ ion 



jaun dice 
er mine 

si phon 
phe nix 
&n sign 
pan ther 
stan za 



9. 



10. 



sanc'tion 
imc tion 
func tion 

h&tch et 
crotch et 
satch el 

anx ious 
bil ious 
nox ious 

so cial 
zh 
clo §ure 
lei sure 

friend less 
friend ly 

stom acji 

zh ' 
gla zier 
gra zier 

tor ment 
tor toise 

per jure 
con jure 
oak urn 
ear nest 
c5m merce 



gm'press 
prin cess 
mis tress 

ab bess 
ac tress 
duch ess 
y 

christ ian 
fust ian 
cord ial 

y 

ax iom 

lo cust 
tri urnph 

t&n §y 
quin §y 

pro noun 

tow ard 
fro ward 

piir chase 
ord nance 

mSn argh 
te trargh 
stew ard 
jew el 
tew el 



The brasier works in brass. The color of the sky is 
azure. A princess is the daughter of a queen and king. 
Cordial means sincere, hearty, or kind. A glazier sets 
glass in windows. To exchange goods by purchase or 
sale, is commerce. 



94 



WORDS OF TWO SYLLABLES. 



a round' 


con found' 


pro nounce' 


im pound' 


a bound 


ex pound 


re nounce 


as tound 


a bout 


pro pound 


de nounce 


dis, mount 


a loud 


re dound 


an nounce 


mis count 


a ground 


sur round 


sur mount 


un bound 


a vouch 


re sound 


re doubt 


un sound 


a noint 


adjoin 


2. 

me moir 


har p66n 


ap point 


en join 


re coil 


mon soon 


a droit 


dif join 


ex ploit 


shal loon 


a void 


sub join 


ac coil 


car toon 


de void 


pur loin 


em broil 


lam poon 


dc spoil 


tur moil 


re joice 

3. u 
be took 


sa loon 


bam b66 


be hSove 


ca n6e 


hal loo 


ca boose 


mis took 


ra gout 


tat too 


pap poose 


a foot 
4. 

at tempt 


en tomb 


doub 166n 


ap plause 


For get 


pol troon 


de bauch 


con tempt 


for give 


pon toon 


ex haust 


ex empt 
5. 

dis tinct 


mis give 


e 
main tain 


al lege 


z 
dis cern 


un chain 


ra vine 


ex tinct 
6. 

en gage 


suf flee 


ex 1st 


ex hcrt 


a 
in veigh 


ex ult 


dis tort 


en rage 


chi cane 


ex alt 


re fresh 


in dito 


po lice 


in thrall 


re fleet 


im mure 


q?/a drille 


ex ert 


bre vet 


un clo^e 


pa cM 


ex Tie 


con demn 


un clothe 

7. 

es cort 


c;ha grin 


be best 


in stilled 


va lise 


de deck 


dis tilled 


cha rade 


an tique 


It behoof 


es him to be 


on his guard. 


Forgive and 



forget offences. The police help enforce the laws. An- 
tique, very old or ancient. Let it suffice thee to have 
so much. What is a charade ? What is a ravine ? 



READING. 95 

The Good Little Girl. 

1. Here comes a good little girl, who likes to say a 
lesson. She likes to learn to read ; and I am glad she 
does, for they are very stupid people who are not fond 
of reading. People learn a great deal from books, that 
they could never know in any other way. 

2. Many people are forced to stay at home all their 
lives, and are never able to travel at all. But if they 
can read, they have it in their power to know all the 
wonders which those have seen who have been in for- 
eign countries ; and they can both amuse themselves 
and other people by reading about them. 

3. Do you wish to know when you shall be able to 
read large books ? I hope by the time you are a year 
or two older, you will be able to read almost any book 
that you see. 

4. How long is a year ? you say. It is twelve 
months. You know how much a week is : you have 
learned the names of the seven days that are in a week 
— Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, 
Friday, and Saturday. Four of these weeks make a 
month, and twelve months a year. 

5. Besides being divided into twelve months, every 
year is divided into four quarters, called — Spring, 
Summer, Autumn, and Winter. 

6. Summer is a very pleasant season of the year. 
There is a great deal of ripe fruit pi that time. The 
flowers too are all in their greatest beauty, and make 
our gardens so gay, that we look at them with delight. 

_____ Mrs. Hughs. 

alleys pul'leys me'tres bram'bles 

val leys tiir keys fi bres ■ trem bles 

chim neys jock eys spec tres mus cles 

Muscles are the organs of motion ; they consist of 
bundles of fibres, the ends of which are fastened to the 
bones which they move. Take hold of your arm and 
move your fingers, and you will feel the motion of the 
muscles. 



96 WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



sla'ver y 


1. 

f I'ner y 


a'gen cy 


bra ver y 


fi er y 


de cen cy 


dra per y 


po et ry 


co gen cy 


bri ber y 


po per y 


re gen cy 


gro cer y 


so ber ly 


flu en cy 


for ger y 


kna ver y 

2. 
de i fy 


re cent ly 


de i ty 


pa pa cy 


la i ty 


pu ri fy 


pi ra cy 


pu ri ty 


no ti fy 


lu na cy 


nu di ty 


glo ri fy 


no ta ry 


mu ti ny 


stu pe fy 


ro ta ry 


u ni ty 


cril ci fy 

3. 
ma gi an 


vo ta ry 


pri va cy 


ra di ate 


pri ma ry 


la bi al 


va ri ate 


pri ma cy 


me ni al 


de vi ate 


li bra ry 


ge ni al 


me di ate 


di ary 


ve ni al 


mu ti late 


ro sa ry 


jo vi al 
4. 


fu mi gate 


o di um 


I vo ry 


va can cy 


o pi um 


i ro ny 


va gran cy 


me di um 


pi o ny 


fra gran cy 


pre mi um 


the o ry 


hu man ly 


scho li um 


no bod y 


pli an cy 


ra di us 


va por y 

5. 
ev er y 


gi ant ly 


&n e my 


rSb ber y 


el e gy 


em er y 


lot ter y 


rem e dy 


rev er y 


bat ter y 


her e sy 


liv er y 


gal ler y 


ar te ry 


fish er y 


but ter y 


or re ry 


crock er y 


nun ner y 



A grocer deals in tea, sugar, coffee and spices. A 
grocery is the store of a grocer. Knavery is fraud or 
trick in traffic. To crucify is to nail the hands and feet 
to a cross. Papacy, the office of the Pope of Rome. To 
rob on the sea is piracy. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



97 



f um'i ly 


pol i cy 


hap pi ly 


van i ty 


pol i ty 


mer ri ly 


cav i ty 


horn i ly 


tes ti ly 


am i ty 


grav i ty 


gid di ly 


par i ty 


chast i ty 


yer i ly 


len i ty 


prod i gy 

2. 
grat i f y 


bod i ly 


m<5d i fy 


mul ti ply 


ed i fy 


scar i fy 


pet ri fy 


ver i fy 


clar i fy 


am pli fy 


vil i fy 


sat is fy 


mol li fy 


rat i fy 


oc cu py 


yit ri fy 


yiv i fy 


but ter fly 

3. 
mag ni fled 


sane ti fy 


mag ni fy 


mul ti tiide 


dig ni fy 


dig ni fied 


rec ti tude 


tes ti fy 


tes ti fied 


mag ni tude 


jus ti fy 


sig ni fy 


al ti tude 


rec ti fy 


sim pli fy 


at ti tude 


ter ri fy 


mor ti fy 


am pli tude 


grat i tude 


4. 
in do lent 


Ion gi tude 


plen i tude 


in no cent 


lat i tude 


rid i cule 


im po tent 


sol i tude 


ep i cure 


im pu dent 


las si tude 


ep i sode 


es cu lent 


ap ti tude 


dis so lute 


teg u ment 


ser Ti tude 


cer ti fy 


5. 
pu tre f y 


des ti tute 


Ter si fy 


r&r e fy 


sub sti tute 


for ti fy 


proph e sy 


pros ti tute 


pa tri ot 


pu ri tan 


ti o let 


pe ri od 


ma ni ac 


vi o lent 


char i ot 


zo di ac 


vi o lence 


A patriot loyes his country. A maniac is a mad or in- 


sane man. 


To Terify is to proTe the truth of what is said. 


To terrify is to frighten. To gratify is 


to please. A her- 


mit hres in 


solitude. To sanctify is to make pure or holy. 
9 



98 



SPELLING AND READING. 



ag'o ny 
can o py 
mel o dy 
mem o ry 
bet o ny 
mon o dy 

ev i dent 
div i dend 
al i ment 
lin i ment 
em i nent 
pen i tent 

tes ta ment 
sac ra ment 
lig a ment 
fil a ment 
prev a lent 
fun da ment 

dif fer ent 
rev er end 
rev er ent 



1. 
his'to ry 
vie to ry 
fac to ry 
pil lo ry 
glut to ny 
cus to dy 

2. 
dif f i dent 
ac ci dent 
det ri ment 
sen ti ment 
mer ri ment 
ab sti nent 

3. 
ar ro gant 
ar ro gance 
con so nant 
con so nance 
dis so nant 
dis so nance 

4. 
cii ri ous 
glo ri ous 
fu ri ous 



feTon y 
bar on y 
eb on y 
big ot ry 
sim on y 
pan o ply 

in di gent 
neg li gent 
am bi ent 
ped i ment 
sed i ment 
dil i gent 

SI e pliant 
el e gant 
tol er ant 
it er ant 
prot es tant 
mis ere ant 

syl la ble 
myr i ad 
typ i cal 



Ripe Cherries. 

1. A few days after Frank had been with his mother 
to walk in the garden that had the green gate, his moth- 
er said to him, — " Frank, put on your hat, and come 
with me. I am going to the garden in which we walked 
two or three days ago." 

2. Frank was very glad to hear this. He put on his 
hat in an instant, and followed his mother — jumping 
and singing as he went along. 

3. When they came to the garden with the green 
gate, the gardener was taking down the net which was 
spread over the cherry tree. Frank asked his mother 



READING AND SPELLING. 99 

why this net had been spread over it. She told him, that 
it was to prevent the birds from eating the cherries. 

4. The cherries looked very ripe, and the gardener 
began to gather them. Frank asked whether he might 
help him to gather some of his cherries. 

5. His mother said, — " Yes ; I think the gardener 
will trust you to gather his cherries, because he has 
seen that you have not meddled with any of his things 
without his leave." 

6. The gardener said that he would trust him, and 
Frank was glad ; and he gathered all the cherries that 
he could reach, that were ripe. 

7. When Frank had filled the basket into which the 
gardener asked him to put them, the gardener picked 
out five or six bunches of the ripest cherries, and of- 
fered them to Frank. 

8. a May I have them, mamma ? " said Frank. His 
mother said, — " Yes, you may,. my dear." 

9. Then he took them ; and he thanked the garden- 
er for giving them to him : and, after this, he and his 
mother left the garden, and returned towards home. — 
Edgeworth. 



nec'ta rinc ju've nile med'i cine 

al ka line pu er iie dis ci piine 

in fan tile lib er tine ed i fice 

vol a tile croc o dile or i fice 

fern i nine mer can tile def i nite 

mas cu line ver sa tile in fi nite 

Pi ? ty skil ful ly pl&i ti ful 

nicety wilfully fanciful 

se ere cy mer ci fill pit i ful 

po e sy beau ti ful du ti ful 

Bigotry is blind zeal in favor of a party or opinion. A 
man who lives without the restraint of his passions is a 
libertine. A nectarine is like a peach. A glorious vic- 
tory. Juvenile means young or youthful. Puerile 
means boyish or childish. A house is an edifice. The 
act was done in secrecy. 



100 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



gen'er al 
fed er al 
lib er al 
lit er al 
rain er al 
sev er al 

Sd mi ral 
can n i bal 
drop si cal 
bib li cal 
clas si cal 
hos pi tal 

sin gu lar 
an mi lar 
eel lu lar 
tern po ral 
pec to ral 
p£s to ral 

cap ti vate 
fab ri cate 
in di cate 
es ti mate 
yin di cate 
sup pli cate 



tSm per ate 
del e gate 
des pe rate 
ac cu rate 
ob sti nate 
du pli cate 

To decorate is to adorn. 



l. 
aVi mal 
med i cal 
crim i nal 
com i cal 
fin i cal 
crit i cal 

2. 
doe tri nal 
prin ci pal 
prac ti cal 
whim si cal 
met ri cal 
nom i nal 

3. 
fa tal ly 
fi nal ly 
le gal ly 
re al ly 
to tal ly 
fru gal ly 

4. 
eel e brate 
el e vate 
pen e trate 
ex e crate 
des e crate 
per pe trate 

y 5. 

mod u late 
grad u ate 
act u ate 
fluct u ate 
grat u late 
mat u rate 



cler'i cal 
eth i cal 
prod i gal 
graph i cal 
goth i cal 
top i cal 

pop u lar 
oc u lar 
glob u lar 
reg u lar 
tab u lar 
sec u lar 

ca pa ble 
cu ra ble 
si za ble 
li a ble 
pli a ble 
pla ca ble 

dec o rate 
ad vo cate 
des o late 
ren o vate 
in no vate 
per fo rate 



mod es ty 
Aon es ty 
nov el ty 
am nes ty 
tap es try 
min strel sy 

Honesty is the best policy. 



The prodigal son. He did not live frugally. Frank had 
an accurate ear for music. . We are all liable to sick- 
ness. Did you celebrate your birthday ? A literal fact. 



SPELLING AND BEADING. 



101 



reTa tive 




prim'i tive 




mod'er ate 


neg a tive 




len i tive 




op er ate 


lax a tive 




sen si tive 




tol er ate 


voc a tive 




tran si tive 




ven er ate 


ab la tive 




sub stan tive 




al ter cate 


nar ra tive 




ad jec tive 

9 




gen er ate 


cai cu late 




reg u late 




an i mate 


un du late 




spec u late 




im i tate 


in du rate 




gran u late 




med i tate 


con ju gate 




stip u late 




nom i nate 


am pu tate 




stim u late 




em i grate 


sup pu rate 




pop u late 




mit i gate 




Winter. 




e'ven ing 


I'ci 


1. 
cle ice'l 


and 


Cas tine' 


e ven ing§ 


ve hi cle Ire land 


Cas tile 


o pen ing 


for 


ci ble Lap 


land 


Mo bile 


e ven ly 


crti 


ci ble Fin land 


Ba lize 


slSd^'es 


cold'er 


2. 
warm'er 


fi'ner u'nit 


hou§ e§ 


cold est warm est 


fi nest u rim 



1. It is autumn now ; next comes winter, when the 
cold frosty air will pinch us, and force us to wrap our- 
selves up in warm clothes. The rain will be frozen into 
snow, and will come down like white feathers, and cover 
the ground. 

2. The long sharp icicles will hang from the eaves of 
the houses ; and the ponds of water will be frozen into 
a hard sheet. Then we shall be able to walk out only 
in the middle of the day, because it will be too cold in 
the mornings and evenings. 

3. But we need not care much, 'as long as we have 
a good warm fire to sit by, where we can read, talk, or 
play. By that time, I hope you will be able to read 
little stories to your mother. People will always be 

9* 



102 READING AND SPELLING. 

happy, whether it is winter or summer, if they are 
good. 

4. There is a place called Iceland, where they have 
no daylight for several months in the year ; and the 
weather is much colder than it is here, even in our 
coldest winters. 

5. But the people in Iceland are very happy, and 
love their country very much : I dare say they would 
not leave it to come here in our finest arid warmest 
weather. They dress themselves in the skins of wild 
beasts ; and they slide along the ice on sledges drawn 
by reindeer. 

6. They take great pains to teach their children to 
read ; for if they could not read, they would be very 
dull indeed. They are a very good people ; and, like 
all good people, they are very happy. — Mrs. Hughs. 



1. 

scaVdal Tze scan'da lous ln'fant ry 

sig nal ize in fa mous cav al ry 

stig ma tize haz ard ous pen al ty 

em pha size mem bra nous her aid ry 

ag gran dize vil la nous in fan cy 

dog ma tize ar du ous hug band ry 

2. 

or gan Tze nu mer ous bias phe mous 

gor man dize dan ger ous hid e ous 

au thor ize a que ous cov e tous 

3. 

de i tie? eVe mies mag'ni f les 

li bra rie§ rem e dies jus ti he$ 

the o ries ar te ries nul li fies 

He spake blasphemous words. The act was scanda- 
lous. The attempt was hazardous. He tried to calcu- 
late the expense of the journey from Ireland to Lapland. 
The king organized his army, and authorized the gen- 
eral to fight against his enemies. He suffered the 
penalty which his criminal deed deserved. 



WORDS OP THREE SYLLABLES. 



103 



sc ri ous 
pre vi ous 
du bi ous 
stu di ous 
spu ri ous 
co pi ous 

gSn er ous 
dex ter ous 
pon der ous 
pros per ous 
ul cer ous 
miir der ous 

sep a rate 
prop a gate 
par a site 
ex ca vate 
ag gra vate 
tan ta lize 

spec ta'tor 
die ta tor 
tes ta tor 
trans la tor 
ere a tor 
di vi sor 



1. 
va/ri ous 
de vi ous 
niu ti nous 
lu mi nous 
glu ti nous 
lu di crous 

2. 
£m u lous 
trem u lous 
stren u ous 
fab u lous 
pop u lous 
quer u lous 

3. 
ac ci dence 
ill ci dence 
pes ti lence 
re§ i dence 
prov i dence 
prom i neuce 

4. 
in he'rent 
co he rent 
op po nent 
in de cent 
ad he rent 
ad ja cent 

5. 
en a ble 
di§ a ble 
en no ble 
en ti tie 
dis ci pie 
iin a ble 



iin pi ous 
en vi ous 
ob vi ous 
per il ous 
om in ous 
ru in ous 

tim or ous 
vig or ous 
am or ous 
clam or ous 
val or ous 
ven om ous 

b5t a ny 
in fa my 
big a my 
lit a ny 
sal a ry 
gran a ry 

a bu'sive 
de lu sive 
ex clu sive 
con clu sive 
dif fu sive 
in clu sive 



ere a tive en a ble . • al IT ance 

e va sive di§ a ble re li ance 

cor ro sive en no ble af fi ance 

de ci sive en ti tie con tri vance 

e lu sive dis ci pie com pli ance 

con du cive iin a ble con ni vance 

The contrivance was curious. The disciple is not 
above his master. He was a generous opponent. The 
victory was decisive. Industry is conducive to health. 
Botany is the science of plants. Separate truth from 
error. 



104 



SPELLING AND READING. 



ar ri'val 
re vi val 
re ci tal 
pe ru sal 
re fu sal 
dis po §al 
con fine ment 
en tice ment 
in cluce ment 
de face ment 
en gage ment 
a mu§e ment 



il le'gal 
tri bu nal 
in hu man 
re pri §al 
re qui tal 
de ni al 
dis pu. ter 
pro du cer 
ac cu ser 
se du cer 
de lu der 
in va der 



a base'ment 
a bate ment 
a maze ment 
al lure ment 
a tone ment 
re fine ment 
ad ml rer 
sur vi vor 
com pi ler 
de ba ter 
con so ler 
in qui rer 



!#■ 












The Snoiv Man, 

Here is a picture of some boys, who have built a man 
of snow. They have placed a hat on his head. This 
kind of sport, in the winter, is very pleasant. A boy in 
Vermont, who has become distinguished as an artist, 
first displayed 3iis taste by fashioning a statue of snow. 
Did you ever see a statue? If you go to Boston, you 
may see a marble statue of Washington in the State 
House. There is a bronze statue of Franklin in School 
Street. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



105 



re mgm'ber 


se ques'ter 


st veng'er 


en cum ber 


to getft er 


re ven£ er 


sur ren der 


pre tend er 


dis tern per 


Sep tern ber 


de fend er 


be wil der 


No vem ber 


con sid er 


a sun der 


De cein ber 


cor rupt er 


dis mem ber 


de liv er 


2. 
a mend ment 


in hab it 


dis sent er 


in dul gent 


co hab it 


im bit. ter 


in cum bent 


de mer it 


dis til ler 


re splen dent 


dis cred it 


im prop er 


en camp ment 


pro hib it 


de can ter 


re fresh ment 

3. 
as ton ish 


de crep it 


at tend ant 


do mSs tic 


do fend ant 


ad mon ish 


fo ren sic 


a bun dant 


de mol ish 


pe dan tic 


re pug nant 


a bol ish 


mo nas tic 


re dun dant 


re pol ish 


sta tis tic 


in dig nant 


ac com plish 

4. 
at tSn tive 


e las tic 


fa nat ic 


at ten tion 


bo tan ic 


in struc tive 


in struc tion 


ath let ic 


sub jec tive 


sub jec tion 


pa thct ic 


de cep tive 


de cep tion 


pro lif ic 


pro tec tive 


pro tec tion 


po lem ic 


re ten tive 


re ten tion 


y 

o pm ion 


5. 
dis cov er 


u 

at tor ney 


do min ion 


re cov er 


be com ing 


com pan ion 


an oth er 

6. 
at tain ment 


en com pass 


re deem er 


en light en 


a gree ment 


re main dei- 


de light ful 



An innocent amusement. A lawyer is often called 
an attorney. To be athletic is to be strong. Henry has 
a retentive memory. The deceptive practise deception. 
December is a cold month. He will recover from the 
distemper. 



106 SPELLING AND READING. 

la'ccs pass'er cle scribed' Bos'ton 

fa ces pass ers re tired Treii ton 

pla ce§ flask et de sired Prince ton 



Cousin James and Cousin George. 

1. James Brown had a cousin, named George; and 
George Brown once came to pay James a visit. The 
two boys were very glad to see each other ; and George 
told James of the city of Boston, where he lived. 

2. George spoke of the paved streets, crowded all day 
by throngs of people, and lighted at night by rows of 
lamps, on each side of the way. He told him of the line 
toy-shops, where all kinds of playthings for children are 
sold; — snch as bats, balls, kites, marbles, tops, drums, 
trumpets, whips, and dolls. 

3. George told James also about the other great 
shops, where linens, muslins, silks, and laces fill the 
windows, and make quite a gay picture to attract the 
passers by. He spoke of the great ships which lie at 
anchor there, and bring stores of goods from all parts 
of the world. 

4. George Brown talked very fast on all these sub- 
jects ; and as James, who had never seen any thing of 
the kind, was quite silent, and seemed as much sur- 
prised as pleased with all that he heard, George began 
to think his cousin but a dull, stupid sort of a boy. 

5. But the next morning, when they went out into 
the fields, he found that James had as much knowledge 
as himself, though not of the same kind. 

6. George did not know wheat from barley, nor oats 
from rye ; nor did he know the oak tree from the elm, 
nor the ash from the willow. 

7. George knew that bread was made of wheat; but 
he had never seen it threshed in the barn, nor had he 
ever seen a mill grinding it into flour. Nor did he 
even know that the skins of cows, calves, and sheep, 
were made into leather. 



READING AND SPELLING. 



107 



8. James Brown perfectly knew these and many 
other things of the same nature, and willingly ex- 
plained to his cousin some of the arts that belong to 
the practice of husbandry, or farming. 

9. These friendly and observing boys, after this time, 
met always once a year ; and they were eager in their 
separate stations to acquire knowledge, that they might 
impart it to each other at the end of the year. 

10. So that George, while living in a crowded city, 
gained a knowledge of farming, and all that relates to a 
country life ; and James, though dwelling a hundred 
miles from Boston, knew all the curious things that it 



contained. 










sh 
o'cean 


vict'ual§ 


1. 


un'ion 


mortgage 


res cue 
fes cue 


bal sam 
cal dron 


2. 




squan der 
squad ron 


fa/ con 
psol ter 


sh 
spe cie§ 
spe cie 


se rie§ 
or gies 


3. 


eli vby 

con voy 


an s^er 
cliand ler 


cliris£ mas 
nui sauce 


gam bol 
cam phor 


4. 


cbf fer 

cof fee 


m voice 
poign ant 


skil ful 
wil ful 
ful some 


clnl blain 
dul ness 
ful ness 


5. 


wel come 
wel fare 
fare well' 


whol ly 
whole sale 
whole some 



At what season of the year is Christmas ? Can you 
answer the question ? Yes, Christmas is in the winter, 
December twenty-fifth. There are many kinds or spe- 
cies of birds. Silver money and gold arc called specie. 
A falcon is a species of hawk. His grief was poignant 
or very painful. Define the word mortgage. A union 
of friends. A skilful workman. ♦ 



108 



WORDS OP THREE SYLLABLES. 



M'lible . 

ter ri ble 
pas si ble 
hor ri ble 
tan gi ble 
fran gi ble 

mir a cle 
man a cle 
or a cle 

ob sta cle 
spec ta cle 
pin na cle 

cur ri cle 
pel li cle 
ven tri cle 

ac cus'tom 
a ban don 
as sess or 
col lect or 
con duct or 
in struct or 

com p&n sate 
con den sate 
con tern plate 
con fis cate 
con sum mate 
in cul cate 
re cord er 
per form er 
dis or der 



1. 

crgd'i ble 
vis i ble 
flex i ble 
sen si ble 
sol u ble 
vol ii ble 

2. 
du ra ble 
sa la ble 
fi na ble 
bla ma ble 
port a ble 
mov a ble 

3. 
cu ti cle 
chrSn i cle 
au ri cle 

4. 
pro tec for 
ob ject or 
pre cept or 
tor ment or 
con tract or 
in spect or 

5. 
ap pen dix 
as sas sin 
em bel lish 
es tab lish 
re plen ish 
di min ish 
al low ance 
a vow al 
en clow ment 



aYa ble 
par a ble 
ten a ble 
not a ble 
prob a ble 
tract a ble 

pal pa ble 
cul pa ble 
tax a ble 
ra ta ble 
ven di ble 
mul ti pie 

ar ti cle 

par ti cle 
bar na cle 

en vel'op 
en ven om 
im pos tor 
pru nel lo 
me men to 
ro tun do 

cor rect ly 
di rect ly 
in tent ly 
ex press ly 
tin. luck y 
un just iy 
de stroy er 
em ploy ment 
en joy ment 



The story was not credible. The parable of the prod- 
igal son. The instructor said that Peter's conduct was 
blamable. The heart has an auricle and a ventricle. 
An assassin murders in secret. A movable desk. 



WORDS OP THREE SYLLABLES. 



109 



ad mis'sion 
com mis sion 
dis mis sion 
ac ces sion 
con fes sion 
pro fes sion 

as per sion 
a ver sion 
con ver sion 
dis per sion 
im mer sion 
per ver sion 

le'gal Tze 
e qual ize 
to cal ize 
po lar ize 
the o rize 
i dol ize 

mSs sen ger 
pas sen ger 
scav en ger 
lav en der 
prov en der 
in te ger 

coun te nance 
coun sel lor 
coun ter feit 



1. 

com pas'sion 
ex pan sion 
pre ten sion 
ex ten sion 
per mis sion 
e mis sion 

2. 
con vtil sion 
dis cus sion 
pos ses sion 
sue ces sion 
trans gres sion 
in cur sion 

3. 
c51'o nize 
can o nize 
meth o dize 
tern po rize 
pat ron ize 
mag net ize 

4. 
car ri er 
bar ri er 
cur ri er 
en vi er 
of fi cer 
mar i ner 

5. 
cir cum stance 
cir cum flex 
fir ma ment 



re mis'sion 
o mis sion 
sub mis sion 
ex pres sion 
im pres sion 
op pres sion 

al lu sion 
con fu sion 
oc ca sion 
e va sion 
ad he sion 
co he §ion 

civ'il Tze 
pul ver ize 
tyr an nize 
crys tal ize 
cau ter ize 
bru tal ize 

mm is ter 
sin is ter 
can is ter 
mil li ner 
pub lish er 
por rin ger 

cir cu lar 
cir cu late 
cir cum cise 



sig na tiire ap er ture fiir ni tiire 

ar ma ture o ver ture gar ni ture 

He added his signature to the document. Sin is a 
transgression of the law. To pulverize is to reduce to 
powder. An integer is a whole number, not a fraction. 
A sailor is a mariner. The bill was a counterfeit. 
10 



110 



WORDS OP THREE SYLLABLES, 



rec ol lect' 
rec om mend 
in cor rect 
dis con tent 
dis pos §ess 
jac o net 

Sv er more 
in ter pose 
in ter cede 
in ter fere 
in ter line 
in ter vene 

o ver seer 
en gi neer 
pri va teer 
vol un teer 
mu ti neer 
in dis creet 

c5n tra diet 
dis af feet 
dis an nul 
man u mit 
re ad mit 
vi o lin 

ap per tain 
as cer tain 
en ter tain 

am bus cade 
bal us trade 



dis com mode' 
in com mode 
dis com pose 
de com po§e 
in com plete 
im por tune 

2. 
in se cure 
dis re pute 
per se vere 
ser e nade 
mis re late 
dis en gage 

3. 
su. per sede 
su per fine 
su per scribe 
su per vi§e 
co in cide 
re u nite 

4. 
dis o blige 
in tro duce 
im po lite 
in sin cere 
bar ri cade 
bas ti nade 

5. 

un be lief 
dis be lief 
clis be lieve 

6.__ 
pat en tee 
mort ga gee 



al a mode' 
im ma ture 
con tra vene 
dis ar range 
re as sume 
dis a gree 

o ver see 
ref er ee 
dev o tee 
rep ar tee 
ref u gee 
ab sen tee 

ap pre hend 
com pre hend 
in ter diet 
in ter mix 
in ter rupt 
in ter cept 

un der stand 
un der hand 
rep re §ent 
re com mence 
un con cern 
dis con cert 

dis ap pr6ve 
dis ap point 
af ter nOon 

dis em bogue 
pict u rgsque 



To intercede is to plead in favor of one. Supersede 
is spelled with an s instead of a c, and its meaning is, to 
set above. To manumit is to release from slavery. He 
tried to disannul, or make void, the contract. 



.SPELLING AND READING. Ill 

for got/ten for sa'ken for ev'er ag'o nies 

for giv en mis ta ken dis sev er his to ries 

a ris en a wa ken sur ren der fac to ries 

e lev en en gra ven me an der vie to ries 



The French Merchant and his Dog-. 

1. I will tell yon a story about a dog. There was 
onee a rich French merchant, who had a great deal of 
money in a large bag. He had just received the money 
from another merchant. He was on horseback ; and 
he tied the bag of money before him, and then set off 
for home. He had a dog with him, who frisked round 
the horse, barked, and jumped, and seemed to partake 
in the joy of his master. 

2. After riding many miles, the merchant became 
tired, and got off his horse, and took the bag of money 
with him, and went to sleep at the foot of a tree. When 
he awoke, he got on his horse again, but forgot the bag 
of money. 

3. His dog saw the bag, and knew that it belonged 
to his master : so he began to jump round him and to 
bark very loud ; but the merchant had quite forgot- 
ten his money. Then the dog began to bite his horse's 
heels in order to make him stop. 

-1. But the merchant thought his dog was mad, and 
lie said to himself, "I must kill him;" so he drew a 
pistol from his pocket, and, with a trembling hand, took 
aim at his faithful servant. His aim was too sure ; for, 
when he fired, the poor animal fell ; and, weltering in 
his blood, still tried to crawl toward his master. 

5. The merchant could not bear the sight ; he 
spurred on his horse, with a heart full of sorrow. Still 
he did not recollect his money : he thought only of his 
poor dog ; and he said to himself, " I would sooner have 
lost my money than my dog;" — and so he began to 
feel for his money, and he found that he had lost it. 

6. All at once, lie thought that his dog had tried to 
tell him that he had lost the money; He turned his 
horse, and went off at full gallop to the place where he 



112 



READING AND SPELLING. 



had stopped ; and he found that his dog, all covered with 
blood, had crawled to the money-bag, after he had been 
shot ; and, in the agonies of death, lay watching beside it. 
7. When he saw his master, he still showed his joy 
by the wagging of his tail. He could do no more. He 
tried to rise, — but his strength was gone. He stretched 
out his tongue to lick the hand that was now fondling 
him in the agonies of regret. He then cast a look of 
kindness on his master, — and closed his eyes forever. 



ra'di ance 
va ri ance 
dal li ance 
ig no ranee 
ar ro gance 
or di nance 

y 

eu lo gy 
eu pho ny 
eu lo gize 
eu cha rist 

ve he mence 
vi o lence 
el o quence 
com pe tence 
con se quence 
ref er euce 

hyp' crite 
fa vor ite 



l. 
f o'li age 
pil grim age 
vas sal age 
av er age 
bev er age 
her i tage 

2. 
cot ta ger 
cab ba ge§ 
sac ri lege 
priv i lege 

3. 
mys te ry 
sym me try 
sym pa thy 
pyr a mid 
tyr an ny 
sym pho ny 

4. 
dys'pep sy 
dys pho ny 



(prj 



her'mit age 
pop u lace 
per son age 
f er ri age 
par son age 
car ti lage 

vin e gar 
mul ber ry 
rasp ber ry 
s8n ti nel 

cop y ist 
lab y rinth 
ox y gen 
pres by ter 
cyl in der 
par ox y§m 

dys pep'sy 
dys pep tic 



The foliage of the trees is green. It was his privilege 
to attend school. A eulogy is praise. Eloquence is the 
art of speaking well. The pyramids of Egypt are built 
of stone. A dark and winding labyrinth. Paroxysm, a 
fit of any disease. A cylinder is a long round body. A 
hypocrite pretends to be what he is not. Vassalage is a 
state of slavery. Oxygen is the vital part of the common 
air ; it forms acids. A soldier on guard is a sentinel. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



1U 



1. 



^« ' -,y. 



cat' a logue 
dec a logue 
dem a £0£ue 



am a zon ap o gee 

par a gon per i gee 

par a dox ped i gree 

par a sol bum ble bee 

hex a gon ax \e tree 

dec a gon ju hi lee 

2. 

cit a del bit ter ness 

cat a ract bless ed ness 

ad a mant hap pi ness 

cal a bash man li ness 

par a graph diz zi ness 

av a rice god li ness 

3. 

ap pe tite par a site 

ex pe dite eel an dine 

sat el lite brig an tine 

pros e cute pan to mime 

ex e cute por cu pine 

per se cute tiir pen tine 

6 4. 

al ma nac qual i ty 

talk a tive quan ti ty 

al der man wan ton ly 

wa ter y quad ru ped 

al ter ant qual i fy 

quar ter ly quar rel some 

o. 

joy ful ly com pa nj 

loy ai ly con sta ble 

roy al ly love li ness 

roy al ty come li ness 

roy al 1st gov ern ess 

joy ful ness gov ern ment 

The ten commandments are called the decalogue. A 
jubilee is a season of joy. Avarice is greediness of gain. 
A quadruped has four feet. A synagogue is a Jewish 
house of worship. A great fall of water is a cataract. 
10* 



ped a gogue 
syn a gogue 
di a logue 

I die nSss 
gen tie ness 
fie kle ness 
wick ed ness 
wretch ed ness 
help less ness 

cal i co 
in di go 
por ti co 
btif fa lo 
mar i gold 
man i fold 

flow er y 
bow er y 
show er y 
pow er ful 
cow ard ly 
cow ard ice 

cov e nant 
cov er ing 
cov er l^t 
sov er eign 
won der ful 
con jut er 



114 



SPELLING AND READING. 



niar'gin al 


iir'gu rnelit 


ar'se nal 


car di nal 


ar ma ment 


ar te ry 


mar tin gal 


art ful ness 


lar ce ny 


par ti san 


bar ba rous 


car pen try 


ar ti fice 


bar ba rism 


har mo ny 


ar mis tice 


car nal ly 

2. 
f u ner al 


in dus try 


guar di an 


br i gm 


guard a ble 


nu mer al 


cod i cil 


guard ed ness 


fern o ral 

3. 
crtl el ty 


cher u bim 


crti ci ble 


scru. ti ny 


cru ci fix 


cru el ly 


ru di ment 


cru ci fy 


cru di ty 


scru pu lous 


5r a tor 


mbn i tor 


bach e lor 


sen a tor 


ed i tor 


an ces tor 


met a phor 


cred i tor 


chin eel lor 




The Soul. 





1. What is it that thinks ? It is the soul, — the soul 
within you. But how do you know you have a soul ? 
How do you know that a watch-case has any watch in it? 
Because you hear it tick, and see the pointers move. 

2. And just so you know your body has a soul in it; 
because it thinks, and moves your hand and your eye, 
just as the watch within the case moves the pointers. 
But nobody ever saw the soul. And yet we know we 
have a soul, — because we see it do things. 

3. When you feel happy, the soul makes the face 
laugh ; when the soul feels bad, it shows itself through 
the face, and perhaps makes the face cry. When you 
feel wicked, it makes you cross, and speak wicked 
words, and disobey your parents, and disobey God. — 
Todd's Lectures. 

Rudiments are first principles, A convincing argu- 
ment. A barbarous nation. Larceny is stealing. Arse- 
nal, a magazine of warlike stores. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



115 



ex act'ly 
ex am ino 
ex am pie 
ex hib it 
ex ot ic 
ex ist ence 

de fi"cient 
ef fi cient 
pro fi cient 
suf fi cient 
sus pi cion 
pa tri cian 

zh 

de cis ion 
de ris ion 
pre cis, ion 
di vi§ ion 
in ci§ ion 
re vi| ion 

zh 
col lis ion 
con ci§ ion 
e lis. ion 
pro vif ion 
re ci§ ion 

ma ter nal 
fra ter nal 
in ter nal 
e ter nal 

f bVmal ly 
mor tal ly 

An atrocious action is one of great wickedness. Au- 
dacious, bold, impudent. Celestial, heavenly. Precis- 
ion is exactness. Sufficient unto the day is the evil 
thereof. A physician gives medicine to the sick. 



ca pa'cious 
sa ga cious 
te na cious 
vi va cious 
to ra cious 
lo qua cious 

de li" cious 
ma li cious 
ca pri cious 
ju di cious 
of fi cious 
sus pi cious 

y 

ad vent ure 
con ject ure 
de bent ure 
en rapt ure 
in dent ure 
mis fort une 

de tru §ion 
in tru §ion 
ob tru sion 
pro tru §ion 
ex tru sion 

zh 

com po §ure 
ex po sure 
en clo sure 
dis clo §ure 

or'na mgnt 
cor pu lent 



a trd' cious 
ra pa cious 
fal la cious 
ve ra cious 
fu ga cious 
au da cious 

2. 
ju di"cial 
of fi cial 
lo gi cian 
ma gi cian 
mu si cian 
phy §i cian 

3. y 
com bust ion 
am bust ion 
ad mixt ion 
di gest ion 
sug gest ion 
ce lest ial 

4._ 
con clu §ion 
ex clu §ion 
col lu sion 
il lu sion 
con tu §ion 

5. 
cor ro §ion 
ex plo sion 
in fu §ion 
pro fu sion 

6. 
for'mal ist 
or gan ist 



116 READING. 



There is a God. 

1. How do we know there is a God? We know 
there is a God. — because we see that he does things. 

2. God knew that you would love to see the light, 
and so he made the sun and the moon. He knew that 
you would love to see beautiful things, and so he set 
the rainbow in the dark clouds, and spread the green 
grass over the ground, and painted the flpwers, and 
planted the trees, and hung apples on one tree, and 
plums on another, and grapes on the vine. 

3. God knew you would love to hear sweet sounds, 
and so he gave your parents a pleasant voice, and filled 
the air with little birds, whose great business is to sing. 

4. God knew you would want houses, and so he 
made the wood for the timber and boards, and the clay 
for the brick. He knew you would have reason, and 
yet not enough to lead you to heaven, and so he gave 
you the Bible. 

5. God knew you would have wicked hearts, and so 
he has given you the Sabbath; and the Savior, and the 
Holy Spirit to help you to be good. He knew you 
would want to live forever, and so he has made heaven, 
where you may live forever, and never die, if you arc 
good and holy. 

6. Who does not see that the world is full of the 
things that God has done ? I am sure I can no more 
doubt it, than I can doubt that little boy to have eyes, 
when I see them both open, and looking at me. I am 
sure I have no doubt that these children have souls, 
though I never saw their souls ; for I can see their eyes, 
and hands, and limbs, moved by their souls. 

7. There is a God. There is a great and glorious 
Being around you, always doing you good. People, 
who lived a great while ago, used to call him " the 
Goody We shorten the word a little, and call him 
God ; but it means the same thing, — good. And they 
gave him that name, because he is so good to men. — 
Todd's Lectures. 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 117 



deVpo ti§m 
her o ism 
aph o risrn 
step ti cisni 
crit i cism 
cal Tin ism 

par a lyze 
an a lyze 
an o dyne 
pro to type 
pros e lyte 
iir £he type 

fear ful ly 
pain ful ly 
art ful ly 

law ful ly 
fruit ful ly 
peace ful ly 

flat ter y 

mis er y 
clev er ly 
ut ter ly 
rap id ly 
viy id ly 

y 
man u al 

gen u ine 

rit u al 

char ac ter 
em pha sis 

A prophecy is what the prophet foretells. To proph- 
esy is to foretell what is to come to pass at some future 
time. Egotism is talking about one's self. To coalesce 
is to unite. To acquiesce is to yield or consent. 



1. 

a' the Tsm 


au'di ble 


e go tism 


au di tor 


syl lo gism 


au di enee 


mech an ism 


gau di ness 


mag net ism 


plau si ble 


cat e chisni 


lau da ble 


a 2. u 




neigh bor hood 


sSlf ish ngss 


live li hood 


child ish ness 


like li hood 


fool ish ness 


cop y book 


self ish ly 


hoi y hock 


child ish ly 


pol y pus 

3. 
peace a ble 


f661 ish ly 


tarn a rind 


eat a ble 


ser a phim 


suit a ble 


strat a gem 


wea ri some 


vag a bond 


ea si ly 


al co ran 


fea si ble 


al co hoi 


4. 

lib er ty 


y 
s&t u rate 


ten den cy 


post u late 


eel er y 


punct u ate 


maj es ty 


fort u nate 


an ces try 


pet u lance 


proph e cy 


cent u ry 


y 5 - 
nat u ral 


y 

rSpt ur oris 


act u al 


vent ur ous 


pet u lant 

6. 


sumpt u ous 


mu se'um 


co a lesce' 


ly ce urn 


ac qui esce 



118 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



va ca/tion 


1. 

e mo' tion 


com ple'tion 


re la tion 


e qua tion 


pro mo tion 


do na tion 


ere a tion 


pro por tion 


o ra tion 


so lu tion 


trans la tion 


du ra tion 


se ere tion 


pol lu tion 


de vo tion 


ro ta tion 


foun da tion 


af fee tion 


2. 

con trac tion 


in scrip tion 


af flic tion 


sub trac tion 


dis trac tion 


col lee tion 


pro due tion 


di rec tion 


con cep tion 


pre ven tion 


con vie tion 


cor rec tion 


sub scrip tion 


con strue tion 


cor nip tion 


re due tion 

3. 
as sum/? tion 


per fee tion 


ob jgc tion 


vex a tious 


ex cep tion 


con sump tion 


fa ce tious 


de trac tion 


pre sump tion 


con ten tious 


e lee tion 


pre emp tion 


in fee tious 


de ser tion 


re demp tion 


sen ten tious 


in ser tion 


ex emp tion 


li cen tious 


fac ti"tious 


4. 

ere den tial 


ad di"tion 


fie ti tions 


es sen tial 


am bi tion 


am bi tious 


sub stan tial 


con di tion 


nu tri tions 


po ten tial 


con tri tion 


se di tious 


pru den tial 


per di tion 


pro pi tious 


im par tial 


par ti tion 


in T"tial 


se df'tion 


vo li"tion 


sol sti tial 


e di tion 


po si tion 


co mi tial 


pe ti tion 

6. 
as sum ing 


dis ere tion 


a maz ing 


ap ply ing 


a bid ing 


al lur ing 


com ply ing 



An initial is the first letter of a word. The story was 
fictitious. It had no foundation upon facts. Consump- 
tion is a prevalent disease. He had credentials for his 
good character. He was ambitious and sought promotion. 



WORDS OP THREE SYLLABLES. 



119 



ma jeVtie 
fo re n sic 
gi gan tic 
an gel ic 
i tal ic 
la con ic 

as sem blage 
dis par age 
mis man age 
dis com* age 
en cour age 
ad v£n tage 

at tach ment 
de tach ment 
re sent ment 
con tent ment 
e quip ment 

ar raign ment 
as sign ment 
en dear ment 
con ceal ment 
en croach ment 



1. 
ec cen'tric 
a cros tic 
ma son ic 
ty ran nic 
gym nas tic 
hys ter ic 

2. 
im mor tal 
dis cor dant 
im por tant 
im por tance 
per form ance 
ac cord ance 

3. 
ac cord ing 
a bor tive 
ab hor rer 
en dorse ment 
e nor mous 

4. 
sa li va 
di plo ma 
o me ga 
er ra ta 
ar ma da 



de §ert'er 
ob §erv er 
in ter pret 
sub ver sive 
ex pert ly 
ex pert ness 

de ter gent 
e mer gent 
con cern ing 
con cern ment 
ob §erv ant 
ob serv ance 

to b£c co 
mu lat to 
mo roc co 
si roc co 
tor pe do 

remov al 
re prov al 
dis prov er 
im prove ment 
ac cou tre 



Je ho vah de ceiv er 

Mes si ah de ceit ful 

vol ca no con ceit ed 

tor na do re ceiv er 

au ro ra in vei gle 

6. 

re pent ing be tray ing 

re lax ing dis play ing 

The volcano sent forth fire and smoke. Gymnastic 
exercises. A laconic speech. A numerous assemblage. 
The Lord Jehovah reigns. An angelic countenance. Ac- 
coutre, to equip or dress. Inveigle, to seduce or deceive. 



a part ment 
de part ment 
en large ment 
in car nate 
em bar go 

ad mft ting 
re pel ling 



120 



READING AND SPELLING. 



When ought Children to think of God. 

1. Children should think of God at all times. Think 
of him when you go to bed at night ; for he it is who 
has kept you safe and done you good all the day long, 
and then thank him for his goodness. 

2. Think of him in the morning ; for it is he who 
has kept you, given you sleep, and awaked you, and 
lifted up the great sun to shine upon you. ! pray 
that he will keep you from sinning all the day. 

3. You ought to think of him when you hear the 
pleasant and kind voice of your parents, for it is God 
who gave you these parents. Think of him when you 
are happy ; for it is he who makes you happy. 

4. Think of him when you have sinned, or are about 
to sin ; for he sees you. Think of him when you are 
sick ; for he only can make you well, and keep you from 
being sick. 

5. Think of him on the Sabbath ; for he gave it to 
you to fit you for heaven. Yes ! God gave you every 
good thing you ever had, or ever can have ; and even 
gave his dear Son to die for us. 



y 

be ha'vior 
com mun ion 
bat tal ion 
pa vil ion 
ver mil ion 
re bell ion 

re 1T£ ion 
re lig ious 
pro dig ious 
li ti£ ious 
im a£ ine 



i. y 
re bell'ious 

in gen ious 
fa mil iar 
con viv ial 
ci vil ian 
se rao-1 io 

2. a 
sur vey or 
pur vey or 
con vey ance 
sur vey ance 
o bei sance 



e lic'it 

ex plic it 
im plic, it 
il lie it 
so lie it 
in do§ ile 

de pos it 
re pos it 
ac com plice 
dis fran chise 
clan des tine 



An ingenious mechanic. The answer was explicit or 
plain. Religious communion or fellowship. A con- 
vivial meeting. He began to solicit alms. John made 
a deposit in the savings bank. 



SPELLING AND READING. 121 



rtg'i tate 


trag'i cal 


leg'i ble 


tr&g'e dy 


leg is late 
mag is trate 


ma| i cal 
log i cal 


reg i men 
reg i ment 


prog e ny 
flag e lgt 


cog i tate 
reg i cide 
veg e tate 


vig i lant 
vig i lance 
leg i bly 


reg is ter 
rig id ly 
frig id ly 


pag eant ry 
reg is try 
reg is trar 


dec, i mate 


spSc, i men 


2. 

de§ i mal 


bois ter ous 


la§ er ate 
mag er ate 
pac, i fy 
spec i fy 


a§ id ness 
re§ i pe 
vig in age 
pre§ i pice 


tig in al 

tag it ly 
dog i ble 
pre9 e dent 


poi §on ous 
loi ter er 
moi e ty 
treach er y 



The Little Boy ivho played with Fire. 

1. In the new country, that is, in those new states 
where the great forests are not cut down, and where 
only a few people live, the fire sometimes, when it is dry 
in the autumn, gets into the woods. It burns the dry 
leaves, the dry limbs and twigs, the dry trees, and even 
the green trees. Sometimes it gets so hot, that nobody 
can go near it. Sometimes it goes almost a hundred 
miles before it can be stopped. 

2. A little boy was playing one day just at the edge 
of the woods. His mother was gone ; and, though he 
knew it was wrong, yet he went into the house, and 
brought out some fire. He felt that it was wrong, but 
thought that nobody would ever know it. 

3. He played with the fire a while, and it did no hurt. 
At length, the wind blew a spark into the woods, and 
the dry leaves caught — they blazed — the whole woods 
were on fire. On the fire went, kindled into a great 
flame, raging and burning all before it. 

4. As it swept through the forest, it passed by a small 
new house, which a poor man had just built, almost in 
the middle of the forest, on some land which he had 
just bought. The man was gone away. When at a 

11 



122 



READING AND SPELLING. 



great distance, he saw the fire, and hastened home as 
fast as possible. 

5. But, ! what a sight ! the woods were all burned 
black. Not a leaf was left. His little house and barn 
were burned up ; and, what was worse, his faithful, wife 
and little child — all were burned up. On the spot 
where he left them happy in the morning, nothing was 
left but a pile of smoking ashes. 

6. All this because that little boy disobeyed his 
mother, and played with fire ! All this from one little 
spark of fire ! — Todd's Lectures. 



e nig'ma 


1. 
hy drau'lic 


rhetl m&t'ic 


di lem ma 


au then tic 


pneu mat ic 


ho san na 


a bridg ment 


jtmeu mon ic 


flo til la 


ac knowl edge 


teu ton ic 


tim brel la 


de vel op 


lieu ten ant 


her ba ceous 


2. 
en coun ter 


idea 


ere ta ceous 


de vout ly 


i de al 


tes ta ceous 


ac count ant 


hy e na 


crus ta ceous 


es pou§ als 

3. 
en deav or 


hy e mal 


dis as ter 


mo l£s ses 


dis as trous 


un stead y 


ap par el 


ad van cer 


un clean ly 


pro bos cis 


ad vance ment 


un plea§ ant 


sy nop sis 


en chant ment 


un health y 


es cutch eon 


com mand ment 


com mand er 


cur mud geon 



An enigma is a riddle. Hydraulics is the art of con- 
veying water through pipes. A crustaceous animal has 
a shelly coat or crust. The accident was disastrous. A 
synopsis presents a general view of a subject. Hyemal, 
belonging to winter. Acknowledge your faults. A 
rheumatic fever. Espousals, a contracting of marriage, 
Neat apparel. 



L— — — — 



WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES. 



123 



1. 



^on'est ly 


deVi zen 


ghris^en dom 


rhap so dy 


cit i zen 


sim pie ton 


rhet o ric 


pres. i dent 


cin na mon 


por phy ry 


doc n ment 


di a mond 


em bry o 


mar tyr dom 


hy a cinth 


syc a more 


par lia ment 

2. 
eq ni ty 


daf fo dil 


u ni son 


y 

brill ian cy 


u ni verse 


eq ui page 


brill iant ly 


u ni form 


liq ni date 


val iant ly 


u ni corn 


aq ui line 


bil ia ry 


use fui nSss 


req ui site 


brev ia ry 


nse less ness 


aq ue duct 


al ien ate 


sh 


3. 


zh 


sa ti ate 


du te ous 


u. su al 


spa ti ate 


pit e ous 


u §u ry 


vi"ti ate 


Tit re ous 


u §u rer 


y 

kn mor ous 


4. 
plen te ous 


the a tre 


hn mor ist 


lig ne ous 


mSs sa ere 


hu mor some 


boun te ous 
sh 5. 


sep ul chre 


dl a phr&g-m 


s^n su al 


hSn^ ker chief 


ap o theg*m 


sex u al 


mis chiev ous 


par a dig-m 


lux u ry 
6. 
mSn u script 


hem i sphere 


ben e fit 


Sv e niie 


Gen e sis 


tel e graph 


rev e nue 


as ter isk 


tel e scope 


ret i nue 


brig a dier' 


7. 
c&v a lier' 


mSg a zine f 


bnc ea neer 


^hev a lier 


gab ar dine 


gren a dier 


chan de lier 


man da rin 



He tried to satiate his hunger. A mandarin is a 
Chinese officer. A bounteous giver. Hemisphere is 
half a sphere. A sepulchre is for the dead. Porphyry, 
a kind of hard stone. A mischievous monkey. 



124 SPELLING AND READING. 

y m l. gw z 

pe cul'iar dis tin'guish di§ cern'ment 

pie be ian ex tin guish di§ cern er 

con ven ient re lin quish dis cern ing 

2. 

ex crSs cence be liev er dis fig ure 

pu tres cence a chieve ment dis trib nte 

qui es cent ag griev ance con trib ute 

3. 

in diet ment astA mat ic el lip sis 

in debt ed sc/n§ mat ic e lix ir 

ma n6eu vre chro mat ic e clip tic 



Vowels and Consonants. 

1. Mother. Can yon tell me, Jane, which of the let- 
ters are called vowels ? 

2. Jane. Yes, mother : a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes 
w and y, are called vowels. But there are a great 
many other letters ; what are they called ? 

3. Mother. The other letters are called consonants. 
Do yon know how many consonants there are ? Re- 
peat them, and I will count. 

4. Jane. The consonants are, — b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, 
1, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z. 

5. Mother. Nineteen consonants and seven vowels 
will make twenty-six letters, which together compose 
the whole English alphabet. Can you tell me when w 
and y are consonants ? 

6. Jane. W and y are consonants when they begin a 
word or syllable, but in every other position they are 
vowels. But why are certain letters called vowels ? 

7. Mother. The reason is, that they give the sound 
to every word or syllable. A vowel can be sounded 
without the help of any other letter ; but a consonant 
cannot be fully sounded without the help of a vowel. 
And you must observe that there is no word without a 
vowel in it. 

8. Jane. But I think I can spell many words with 



READING. 125 

the consonants only, without wanting any of the 
rowels. 

9. Mother. Pray, try if you can spell and pronounce 
only one little word of three letters, without a vowel. 
vS-a-t is sat, but there is a vowel in it ; now I will put in 
d instead of a, and it is s-d-t. And what word is that ? 

10. Jane. I believe it is no word. 

11. Mother. Now place each of the vowels, by turns, 
between s and t, and see if you cannot make words. 

12. Jane. Yes, I can make five words, — sat, set, sit, 
sot, sut. 

13. Mother. Now you see the great use of these let- 
ters, called vowels, which you thought you could do 
without. 

The Busy Bee. 

1. How doth the little busy bee 

Improve each shining hour, 
And gather honey, all the day, 
From every opening flower ! 

2. How skilfully she builds her cell ! 

How neat she spreads the wax ! 
And labors hard to store it well 
With the sweet food she makes. 

3. In works of labor, or of skill, 

I would be busy too ; 
For there is always something ill 
For idle hands to do. 

-1. In books, or work, or healthful play, 
Let my first years be passed, 
That I may give for every day 
Some good account at last. 



5. The hum of bee, and song of bird, 
And droning insects too, 
From morn to night, in summer time, 
Murmur of work to do. 
11* 



126 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



del'i ca cy 
mil i ta ry 
sol i ta ry 
sem i na ry 
eel i ba cy 
jan i za ry 

am a to ry 
man da to ry 
dil a to ry 
min a to ry 
pref a to ry 
pred a to ry 

cem e ter y 
del e ter y 
dys en ter y 
com pe ten cy 
ex eel len cy 
dif fer ent ly 

mis er a ble 
pref er a ble 
suf fer a ble 
ven er a ble 
vnl ner a ble 
tol er a ble 



in'ti ma cy 
in tri ca cy 
ob sti na cy 
ef fi ca cy 
an ti qua ry 
em is sa ry 

2. 
gen er al ly 
lit er al ly 
lib er al ly 
sev er al ly 
lin e al ly 
nii mer al ly 

3. 
ad mi ra ble 
es ti ma ble 
hos pi ta ble 
cred it a ble 
am i ca ble 
char i ta ble 

4. 
lii mi na ry 
cu li na ry 
a pi a ry 
a vi a ry 
a mi a ble 
va ri a ble 

5. 
sal a man der 
al a bas ter 
c'ir cum spget ly 
pet ti fog ger 
dif fi cul ty 
hab er dash er 



aVcu ra cy 
sub lu n a ry 
Feb ru a ry 
Jan u a ry 
sal u ta ry 
trib u ta ry 

sed en ta ry 
lit er a ry 
plan et a ry 
ad ver sa ry 
ex em pla ry 
sec re ta ry 

ap pli ca ble 
des pi ca ble 
dis pu ta ble 
rep u ta ble 
mem o ra ble 
per ish a ble 

fu ri ous ly 
cu ri ous ly 
co pi ous ly 
glo ri ous ly 
en vi ous ly 
im pi ous ly 



com men ta ry sal a man der el e gaut ly 

san guin a ry al a bas ter ig no rant ly 

mys ti cal ly c'ir cum spget ly ad mi ral ty 

vol un ta ry pet ti fog ger mis eel la ny 

tab er na cle dif fi cul ty ig no min y 

an swer a ble hab er dash er ep i lep sy 

A sanguinary battle. A military company was on 
the parade. A literary seminary. Cemetery, a place of 
burial. Alabaster, a white stone. He behaved circum- 
spectly. An emissary is one sent on a mission, a spy. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



127 



ju'di ca ture 
va ri e gate 
ster e o type 
tern per a ture 
lit er a ture 

em i nent ly 
pen i tent ly 
ev i dent ly 
neg li gent ly 
in so lent ly 

nav i ga tor 
in sti ga tor 
es ti ma tor 
reg u la tor 
nu me ra tor 

al le go ry 
cat c go ry 
eer e mo ny 

y 
act u al ly 

nat u ral ly 

virt u al ly 

mut u al ly 

zh 

c3§ u al ly 
ca§ u al ty 
ca§ u is try 
u §u al ly 
an nu al ly 
crim i nal ly 
crit i cal ly 



1. 

pa'tri ot i§m 
lib er tin i§m 
tern per a ment 
lin e a ment 
op e ra tive 

2. 
tSs ti mo ny 
pat ri mo ny 
an ti mo ny 
ac ri mo ny 
al i mo ny 

3. 
br a to ry 
hor ta to ry 
ter ri to ry 
tran si to ry 
pur ga to ry 

4. 
mSt ri mo ny 
sane ti mo ny 
par si mo ny 

Set u a ry 
stat u a ry 
tit u la ry 
sum/?t u a ry 



nbWi na tive 
im i ta tive 
pal li a tive 
cop u la tive 
fig u ra tive 

ar bi tra ry 
dig ni ta ry 
or di na ry 
for mu la ry 
Sb du ra cy 

mel an ch51 y 
ap o plex y 
or tho dox y 
cat er pil lar 
par ti cip le 

mer ce na ry 
drom e da ry 
11S9 es sa ry 

nat u ral Ize 
nat u ral 1st 
spir it u ous 
spir it u al 



mis sion a ry no men clat ure 

pas sion ate ly ag ri cult ure 

die tion a ry hor ti cult ure 

sta tion a ry ar chi tect ure 

tSm po ra ry cus tpm a ry 

nee ro mSn cy sec ond a ry 

con tro ver sy mil mo na ry 

A dromedary is a species of camel. He died of a 
pulmonary consumption. Life is transitory. A motion- 
less object is stationary. Books, paper, pens and ink are 
called stationery. Love of one's country is patriotism. 



128 SPELLING AND READING. 

1. 

li bra'ri an a e'ri al com niu'ni ty 

grain ma ri an col le gi al ere du li ty 

his to ri an im pe ri al fu tu ri ty 

me mo ri al ma te ri al im pu ri ty 

pic to ri al col le gi an se cu ri ty 

con nn bi al co me di an ma tu ri ty 

2. 

an nu i ty a do ra ble im pi e ty 

con gru i ty im mu ta ble va ri e ty 

gra tu i ty de si ra ble so ci c ty 

va cu i ty ad vi sa ble so bri e ty 

im mu ni ty ex cu sa ble pro pri e ty 

im pu ni ty im pla ca ble sa ti e ty 

at tain a ble in ca pa ble la bo ri ous 

ob tain a ble in cu ra ble in ju ri ous 

a vail a ble sup port a ble me lo di ous 

re ceiv a ble as sign a ble no to ri ous 

con ceiv a ble a gree a ble vie to ri ous 



Night. 

1. The glorious sun is set in the west; the night 
dews fall ; and the air, which was sultry, becomes cool. 
The flowers fold up their colored leaves, and hang their 
heads on the slender stalk. 

2. The chickens are gathered under the hen, and 
are at rest ; the hen herself is at rest also. The little 
birds have ceased their warbling ; they are asleep on 
the boughs, each one with his head behind his wing. 

3. There is no murmur of bees round the hive ; they 
have done their work, and lie close in their waxen cells. 
There is no sound of a number of voices, or of children 
at play, or the trampling of busy feet, and of people 
hurrying to and fro. 

4. The smith's hammer is not heard upon the anvil ; 
nor the harsh saw of the carpenter. All men are 
stretched upon their quiet beds, and the child sleeps 
upon the breast of its mother. 



READING AND SPELLING. 129 

5. Darkness is spread over the skies, and darkness is 
upon the ground : every eye is shut, and every hand is 
still. — Who taketh care of all people when they are 
sunk in sleep ? 

6. There is an eye that never sleepeth. When there 
is no light of the sun, nor of the moon, — when there 
is no lamp in the house, nor any little star twinkling 
through the thick clouds, — that eye seethin all places, 
and watcheth over all the families of the earth. 

7. That eye that sleepeth not is God's. He made 
sleep to refresh us when we are weary : he made night 
that we might rest in quiet. Laborers spent with toil, 
and young children, and every little insect, sleep qui- 
etly ; for God watcheth over you. 

8. When the darkness has passed away, and the 
beams of the morning sun strike through your eyelids, 
begin the day with praising God, who hath taken care 
of you through the night. 

9. Flowers, when you open again, spread your leaves, 
and smell sweet to his praise. Birds, when you wake, 
warble your thanks among the green boughs. Let his 
praise be in our hearts when we lie down ; let his praise 
be on our lips when we awake. — Mrs. Barbauld. 



im pe'ri ous spoil ta'ne ous 

com mo di ous fe lo ni ous ter ra que ous 

ab ste mi ous ne fa ri ous er ro ne ous 

ob se qui ous pre ca ri ous cu ta ne ous 

gra tu i tous mys te ri ous cor po re al 

pe nu ri ous sym pho ni ous fu ne re al 

His society was agreeable. The army was victorious. 
His absence was excusable. A commodious apartment. 
He entertained an erroneous opinion of the historian. 
The globe on which we live is terraqueous, composed of 
land and water. His condition was precarious, uncer- 
tain. Ous, affixed to words, often signifies full of or 
relating' to ; as, mysterious, full of mystery ; glorious, 
full of glory ; felonious, relating to felony. 



130 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



a bil'i ty 
a gil i ty 
ac tiv i ty 
af fin i ty 
ca lam i ty 
ci vil i ty 

de gen er ate 
ac eel er ate 
de lib er ate 
a dul ter ate 
de lin e ate 
ob lit er ate 

in tel li gence 
in tel li gent 
be nef i cence 
be nef i cent 
mag nif i cence 
mag nif i cent 

com par a tive 
de clar a tive 
de riv a tive 
de mon stra tive 
im per a tive 
in die a tive 



1. 

cap tiv'i ty 
ce leb ri ty 
con cav i ty 
de bil i ty 
de prav i ty 
di vin i ty 

2. 
ar tic u late 
e vac u ate 
ex ten n ate 
in vig o rate 
in ter ro gate 
com mem o rate 

3. 
de nom i nate 
de bil i tate 
do mes ti cate 
vi cis si tnde 
in fin i tude 
in grat i tude 

4. 
dis trib u tive 
con sec u tive 
di min u tive 
in fin i tive 
in quis i tive 
de fin i tive 



dis par'i ty 
fer til i ty 
hu man i ty 
hos til i ty 
hu mil i ty 
no bil i ty 

ca lum ni ate 
e man ci pate 
e rad i cate 
pro eras ti nate 
pre med i tate 
pre des ti nate 

in tox i cate 
mo nop o lize 
a pol o gize 
e quiv o cate 
e vap o rate 
an tip o des 

su per la tive 
ai ter na tive 
pre serv a tive 
su per flu ous 
sub ser vi ent 
im per ti nent 



ab bre vi ate cen tii ri on in de cen cy 

al le vi ate al lu vi on co he ren cy 

com mu ni cate cri te ri on com pla cen cy 

il lu mi nate em po ri um ad ja cen cy 

e lu ci date en co mi um in de cent ly 

an ni hi late pal la di um co he rent ly 

To communicate is to make known. To abbreviate 
is to make shorter. To interrogate is to ask questions. 
To eradicate is to root out. Superfluous words. A 
magnificent prospect. An impertinent fellow. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



131 



1. 

thebTogy . fa t&l'i ty 

a pol o gy mo ral i ty 

phi los o phy mor tal i ty 

so lil o quy phi ral i ty 

phi lol o gy vi tal i ty 

tau tol o gy re al i ty 

2. 
in clem en cy 
de lin quen cy 
in sol ven cy 
con sist en cy 
de spond en cy 
e mer gen cy 

3. 
su prem a cy 
con spir a cy 
de moc ra cy 
ge og ra phy 
ste nog ra phy 
bi og ra phy 

4. 
com pul so ry 
re frac to ry 
di rec to ry 
re fee to ry 
phi Ian thro py 
mis an thro py 

5. 
pa ren the sis 
di aer e sis 
e phem e ris 
a nal y sis 
po lyg a my 
ty ran ni cal 

Zoology is the science of animals. Philology is the 
knowledge of languages. A government administered 
by the people is a democracy. A book is anonymous 
when the author's name is not given. Misanthropy is 
hatred of mankind. 



a n&t'o my 
e con o my 
ge ol o gy 
zo ol o gy 
mo nop o ly 
mo not o ny 

sin cer i ty 
se ver i ty 
se ren i ty 
fi del i ty 
le gal i ty 
lo cal i ty 

e nor mi ty 
con for mi ty 
de for mi ty 
in cor po rate 
in or di nate 
sub or di nate 

ne ces si ty 
it ien si ty 
pro pen si ty 
a lac ri ty 
ad ver si ty 
di ver si ty 

a non y mous 
sy non y mous 
a poe ry pha 
ap par ent ly 
trans par ent ly 
trans par en cy 



au ster i ty 
au thor i ty 
au then ti cal 
in au gu ral 
in au gu rate 
de bauch er y 

a c£d e my 
ge om e try 
di§ hon es ty 
de liv er y 
dis til ler y 
ar til ler y 

un pbp u lar 
ir reg u lar 
par tic u lar 
in gen u ous 
con spic u ous 
am big u ous 

in tern per ance 
pre pon der ance 
ex trav a gance 
hy poth e sis 
my thol o gy 
ty pog ra phy 



132 READING. 

Noon. 

1. Come, let us go into the thick shade ; for it is 
noon, and the summer sun beats upon our heads. God 
made the warm sun and the cool shade. All things 
which we see are his work. 

2. Can we raise our voices to the high heaven ? Can 
we make Him hear who is above the stars ? Yes ; for 
lie heareth us when we only whisper, — when we 
breathe out words softly with a low voice. He that 
filleth the heavens is here also. 

3. May we that are so young speak to Him that al- 
ways was ? We, that are but lately made alive, should 
not forget Him that hath made us. We should sing 
praises to Him who hath taught us to speak, and hath 
opened our dumb lips. 

4. When we could not think of him, he thought of 
us ; he fashioned our tender limbs, and caused them to 
grow ; he maketh us strong and active. 

5. The buds spread into leaves, and the blossoms swell 
to fruit; but they know not how they grow, nor who 
causeth them to spring up from the bosom of the earth. 
They smell sweet, they look beautiful, but they are quite 
silent. The plants and trees are made to give fruit to 
man ; but man is made to praise God, who made him. 

6. We love to praise him, because lie loveth to bless 
us : we thank him for life, because it is a pleasant thing 
to be alive. We love God ; we love all beings ; they 
are the creatures of God. We cannot do good to all, 
as God can ; but we can rejoice that there is a God to 
do them good. — Mrs. Barbauld. 



ex pe'di ence i de'al ly ex te'ri or 

ex pe ri ence il le gal ly in fe ri or 

ex pe di ent tin e qua! ly su pe ri or 

Henry was superior to Thomas. He had had more 
experience. His conduct was not founded on expedi- 
ence. The oxen were unequally yoked. Books of 
which the authors are unknown are called apocrypha. 



m 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



133 



in vid i ous 

per fid i ous 
il lus tri ous 
in dus tri ous 
ca lain i tous 

com pat i ble 
di vi§ i ble 
in vi$ i ble 
in cred i ble 
in del i ble 
in flex ij^le 

ex per i mSnt 
re cip i ent 
iin pen i tent 
im prov i dent 
mu nif i cent 
pre em i nent 

pre dSm i nant 
sig nif i cant 
in hab it ant 
in tol er ant 
Ir rel e vant 
1 tin er ant 

com pSt i tor 
ex pos i tor 
pro gen i tor 
ob liv i on 
am bas sa dor 



de tSst'a ble 
re spect a ble 
im prob a ble 
de mon stra ble 
a void a ble 
al low a ble 

2. 
in vin ci ble 
in fal li ble 
in sen si ble 
per cep ti ble 
sus cep ti ble 
im pos si ble 

3. 
ac com plisli ment 
as ton ish ment 
es tab lish ment 
em bel lish ment 
re Iin quish ment 
em bar rass ment 

4. 
mis man age ment 
dis par age ment 
en cour age ment 
ad ver tise ment 
dis fran chise ment 
ac knowl edg ment 

5. 
ma hog a ny 
e piph a ny 
e pit o me 
schis mat i cal 
so phist i cal 



im prov' a ble 
im mov a ble 
re mov a ble 
ap prov a ble 
ac count a ble 
re cep ta cle 

de lir i ous 
las civ i ous 
a nal o gous 
car niv o rous 
pro mis cu ous 
I dol a trous 

ma lev o l&nt 
be nev o lent 
co in ci dent 
in con ti nent 
om nip o tent 
om nip o tence 

mi rac u lous 
ri die u lous 
as sid u ous 
con tin u ous 
con tig u ous 
in con gru ous 

pen in su la 
cy Iin dri cal 
as par a gus 
an tiq ui ty 
u biq ui ty 



An invincible army. A perfidious friend is false to 
his professions. A carnivorous animal eats flesh. In- 
delible ink. A miraculous event. An improbable story. 
A sophistical argument. He made an acknowledgment. 
12 



134 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



per pet'u al 
con ject u ral 
ac cent u al 
ef feet n al 
ha bit u al 
un nat u ral 

me dig i nal 
mu nig i pal 
a trog i ty 
fe roc i ty 
so lie it or 
rhi nog e ros 

com mis sion er 
pro fes sion al 
con gres sion al 

zh 
oc ca sion al 
am bro si al 
mag ne sj a 
un u §11 al 

officially 
es pe cial ly 
al cliem i cal 
me chan i cal 

y 
fa mil iar ly 
fa mil iar Ize 



an tig'i pate 
ca pag i tate 
fe lig i tate 
par tig i pate 
di lag er ate 
so lie, i tude 

2. 
il leg i ble 
o rig in al 
o rig in ate 
bel lig er ant 
in dig e nous 
ar mig er ous 

3. 
a tro cious ly 
vo ra cious ly 
au da cious ly 

4. 
de fi"cien cy 
pro fi cien cy 
suf fi cien cy 
suf fi cient ly 

zh 5. 
e lys i an 
e lys i iim 
ma ghin er y 
ghi ca ner y 

6. 
chro nol o gy 
^hi rog ra phy 

im pet u ous 
ad vent u rous 
con tempt u ous 



fe lig'i ty 
du plig i ty 
ca pac i ty 
sa gag i ty 
ve rag i ty 
sim plig i ty 

sh 
ap pre ci ate 
as so ci ate 
con so ci ate 
dis so ci ate 
e ma ci ate 
ex crti oi ate 

an nun ci ate 
e nun ci ate 
pro vin cial i§m 

ma li" cious ly 
ju di cious ly 
per ni ciously 
of fi cious ly 

pa ro chi al 
mo narch i cal 
ghi mer i cal 
gha me le on 

ex or bi tant 
ex or di um 

y ; 

con gr5t u late 
ac cent u ate 
ex post u late 



tu mult u ous 
to lupt u ous 
tern pest u ous 

They anticipate much felicity when they associate. 
His chirography was illegible. A tumultuous assem- 
bly. The rhinoceros eats voraciously. A chimerical 
notion. A belligerent army. An exorbitant demand. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



135 



anx l'e ty 
ex u be ranee 
lux u ri anee 
lux u ri ant 
lux u ri ate 
lux u ri ous 

in ten tion al 
pro por tion al 
af fee tion ate 

ca tas tro phe 

a pos tro phe 

pa thSt i cal 
the at ri cal 
re cip ro cal 
an ath e ma 
an tip a thy 

de ist i cal 
em phat i cal 
sta tis ti cal 
pro nom i nal 
dis sim i lar 

le'gal I zes 
civ il i ze§ 
mag net i zes 
tyr an ni zes 
crys tal li zes 
brtl tal i zes 
gor man di zes 



ex as'per ate 
ex em pli fy 
ex liil a rate 
ex ec u tor 
ex ec u tive 
ex ec u trix 

2. 
ad di"tion al 
con di tion al 
prac ti tion er 

3. 
a nth me tic 
an tith e sis 

4. 
can thar i de§ 
an then ti cate 
ca thol i ci§m 
an thol o gy 
ther mom e ter 

o. 

ad ver bi al 
pro ver bi al 
cen trif n gal 
cen trip e tal 
ver nac u lar 

6. 
eiVcum stan ces 
*e§ i den ces 
prom i nen ces 
ed i fi ces 
or i li ces 
ac com' pli ces 
ca pac i ties. 



sh 

ex pa'ti ate 
in gra ti ate 
in sa ti ate 
ne go ti ate 
sub stan ti ate 
IT cen ti ate 

sh 
in i"ti ate 
no vi ti ate 
pro pi ti ate 

or thog ra phy 
li thog ra phy 

ac com pa ny 
dis cov er y 
dis cov er er 
re cov er y 
ef fron ter y 

ar tif i cer 
ad min is ter 
di am e ter 
ba rom e ter 
as tron o mer 

del'i ca cies 
em is sa ries 
sec re ta rie$ 
ad ver sa ries 
com men ta ries 
in tri ca cie§ 
lu mi na ries 



The catastrophe caused anxiety. Exasperate is to 
make angry. Commentaries on the Bible are useful. 
Substantiate, to establish by proof. His recovery was 
doubtful. A luxuriant growth. An affectionate brother. 



136 READING. 

Evening Prayer for a Child. 

1. Father, who liv'st in heaven, 

! hear my little prayer, — 
Watch o'er me in the night,- 
With a parent's gentle care. 

2. Watch o'er me in my sleep, 

And give me peaceful dreams ; 
And, though the storms may sweep, 
And the moon hide its beams, 

3. Still, still, beside my bed, 

May thy guardian angel stay ; 
And, safe from every danger, 
May I wake at dawn of day. 

4. Let me wake in health and peace, 

On a bright shining morrow, 
And save me all the day 
From every sin and sorrow. 

5. Watch o'er me in my play, 

My study, and my care ; 
And, wherever I may be, 

May I know that God is there. 

6. May I do my duty well, 

And never tell a lie ; 
And, when this life is over, 
May I dwell in yonder sky. 

7. With my father and my mother, 

May I go and dwell with thee ; 
Where, good, and wise, and happy, 
Forever I may be. 

Peter Parley. 



WORDS OP FOUR SYLLABLES. 



1&7 



m vi ta'tion 
cul ti va tion 
es ti ma tion 
in ti ma tion 
pub li ca tion 
vin di ca tion 



mi i ta'tion 
lit i ga tion 
med i ta tion 
ded i ca tion 
trep i da tion 
mit i ga tion 



gen er a/tiou 
re§ er va tion 
con ver sa tion 
tol er a tion 
ob ser va tion 
con ster na tion 



rev e la tion 
eel e bra tion 
el e va tion 
pros e cu tion 
del e ga tion 
ex e era tion 



ad o ra tion 
ap pro ba tion 
el o en tion 
ev o In tion 
res o lu tion 
prov o ca tion 

3. 
con so la tion 
in no va tion 
res to ra tion 
oc cu pa tion 
ex hor ta tion 
dis lo ca tion 

4. 
c'ir cu la tion 
ex por ta tion 
dem on stra tion 
per se cu tion 
aug men ta tion 
ar bi tra tion 

5. 
val u a tion 
trib u la tion 
cal cu la tion 
ad van ta geous 
ap os tol ic 
phil o soph ic 

The litigation was not advantageous. A reverential 
salutation. An entertainment was provided at the cel- 
ebration. A misdemeanor is less atrocious than a crime. 

A faithful correspondent. 
12* 



ex e cu tion 
ap pel la tion 
com pen sa tion 
con se era tion 
dis pen sa tion 
mod er a tion 

£m u la tion 
rep u ta tion 
im pu ta tion 
pop u la tion 
ref u ta tion 
ed u ca tion 

cSn ju ga tion 
con sul ta tion 
sal u ta tion 
Eu. ro pe an 
en ter tain ment 
mis de mean or 



A large augmentation 



sep a ra tion 
prep a ra tion 
ag gra va tion 
dec la ra tion 
ex ca va tion 
deg ra da tion 

ac cla ma tion 
ex pla na tion 
dec la ma tion 
prop a ga tion 
in stal la tion 
con fla gra tion 

nav i ga tion 
ob li ga tion 
re§ ig na tion 
dis pro por tion 
spec u la tion 
ter mi na tion 

de vi a tion 
va ri a tion 
vi o la tion 
cor re spond ent 
par e gor ic 
rev e ren tial 



138 



WORDS OP FOUR SYLLABLES. 



b&i e die' tion 
ill ter rup tion 
in ter sec tion 
in tro due tion 
sat is fac tion 
con tra die tion 

dis po §i"tion 
ad mo ni tion 
com po si tion 
op po si tion 
snp po si tion 
ex po si tion 

dgf i ni"tion 
ex hi bi tion 
ac qui si tion 
dis qui si tion 
pro hi bi tion 
req ui si tion 

in ad ver tent 
pre de ter mine 
in at ten tive 
in of fen sive 
ad a man tine 
ret ro spec tive 

bar ri ca do 
bas ti na do 
an no ta tor 
man i fes to 
in nu en do 



1. 

pu. tre f ac'tion 
stu pe fac tion 
su per scrip tion 
ju ris die tion 
pre di lee tion 
cir cum spec tion 

2. 
ab o li"tion 
dep o si tion 
prep o si tion 
prop o si tion 
er u di tion 
am mu hi tion 

3. 
el e ment al 
sup pie ment al 
per se ve ranee 
hy me ne al 
com pre hen sive 
ap pre hen sive 

4. 
ig no ra inus 
ad ver ti ser 
sym pa thet ic 
met a pliys ics 
hyp o crit ic 
ap o plec tic 

5. 

m5d er a tor * 
dgs pe ra do 
su per car go 
co ad ju tor 
su per vi §or 



cSn fi den'tial 
pen i ten tial 
pes ti len tial 
pre§ i den tial 
prov i den tial 
e qui noc tial 

rep e ti^tion 
com pe ti tion 
ex pe di tion 
sii per sti tion 
co a li tion 
ap pa ri tion 

sein j co Ion 
sper ma ce ti 
in co he rent 
det ri ment al 
ac ci dent al 
re£ i ment al 

dis con tin ue 
un der val ue 
om ni pres ent 
om ni pres, ence 
ev er last ing 
dis ad van tage 

me di a tor* 
in ter ces sor 
pred e ces sor 
ben e fac tor 
mal e fac tor 



The interruption was accidental. An incoherent 
proposition. Hymeneal relates to marriage. A detri- 
mental requisition. A pestilential superstition. Wash- 
ington was the presidential predecessor of Jefferson. 

* Or, mod'er a tor — me'di a tor. 



SPELLING AND READING. 



139 



bSu e lY'cial 
prej u di cial 
su per fi cial 
ar ti fi cial 
rhet o ri cian 
pol i ti cian 

Sv a ri"cious 
in au spi cious 
mer e tri cious 

cru ci fix ion 
dis ap point ment 
re con noi tre 



a£ 1 ta tion 
rec i ta tion 
co£ i ta tion 
leg is la tion 
veg e ta tion 



1. 
cf fi c a' cious 
con tu ma cious 
in ca pa cious 
per ti na cious 
per spi ca cious 
per vi ca cious 

2. 
dis a gree ment 
re en force ment 
ac qui Ss cence 

3. y 
mis be hav ior 
os ten ta tious 
con sci en tious 

y 4. 

sit u a tion 
punct u a tion 
fluct u a tion 
mod u la tion 
al ter a tion 



op i dem'ic 
sys tern at ic 
cal tin is tic 
par a lyt ic 
sci en tif ic 
dip lo mat ic 

ap pre hen sion 
in ter ces sion 
in ter mis sion 

zh 
c'ir cum ci§ ion 
man u fact ure 
not with stand ing 

in flu en tial 
con se quen tial 
in flu en za 
ev an es cence 
in de pend ence 



The Whale. 



1. The whale is the largest fish that swims in the sea. 
Indeed he is the largest living creature known in the 
world ; for there is no animal on the land so large as 
the whale. 

2. The whale is not good for food, but is taken for 
the sake of his oil. A part of his flesh is soft and fat ; 
and when it is tried over the fire, a great deal of oil 
runs out. 

3. The men who catch whales sail a great way off 
upon the ocean, in large ships ; and, when they come 
where the whales live, they see them playing upon the 
water. 

4. When the men see a whale, they get out of their 
ship into their boats, and row towards him. One man 
stands at the head of the boat, holding a sharp iron 
spear in his hand, called a harpoon ; and, when the boat 



140 BEADING AND SPELLING. 

comes close to the whale, the man throws the harpoon 
at him with all his might. 

5. The harpoon cuts very deep into the soft flesh of 
the whale, and hurts him very much : so he dives down 
into the water to get away ; but he is prevented by a 
long rope, which is fastened at one end to the harpoon, 
and at the other end to the boat. 

6. The poor whale does not remain long under the 
water ; for whales breathe as well as men, and cannot 
live long without coming to the top of the water for air. 
But as soon as he comes up, they throw another harpoon 
at him, till at length he is tired out, and floats on the 
water. 

7. Then the men cut off the flesh which contains the 
oil. We burn whale's oil in our lamps. The best oil 
is called sperm oil, and is taken from the head of the 
spermaceti whale. 

l. 

fun da ment'al o ri ent'al htfr j zbn'tal 

or na men tal con ti nent al unide al 

sac ra men tal in strfi ment al ii ni ver sal 

2. 

an te ce dent pre e$ ist ent £f f i da vit 

con va 16s cent co e$ ist ent dis in h6r it 

ev a nes cent £f flo res cent ar ma dil lo 

3. 

m ef fi"cient rem i nis cence al to ggth er 

in suf fi cient ad o les cence mi cro scop ic 

4. 

su per sti"tious per ad vent ure ii §ur pa tion 

sac ri le'gious mis ad vent ure scin til la tion 

Reading, writing, and arithmetic are fundamental 
branches of education. Reminiscence is recollection of 
the past. An affidavit is a written declaration sworn to 
before a magistrate. A sacrilegious act is a violation 
of things sacred. Adolescence is the age between child- 
hood and manhood. A universal system comprises all 
bodies, sun, moon, and stars. Scintillation is the act 
of sparkling. Oriental means eastern. 



WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES. 



141 



su per in tend' 
su per in diice 
su per a bound 

av oir du pois, 

r£g i ta tive 

mis un der st&nd 
mis ap pre hend 

al'li ga tor 
vin di ca tor 
ded i ca tor 
le£ is la' tor 

du ti ful ly 
beau ti fill ly 

ma jor'i ty 
mi nor i ty 
ur ban i ty 
vul gar i ty 

Tm ma ture'ly 

in com plete ly 
in con clu sive 
op por tune ly 

y 
nglit'eous 

right eous ly 
right eous nSss 



an i mad vert' 
mis rep re sent 
mul ti pli cand 

2. 
Ciir i ca tiire 

3. 
ul tra ma rine 

4. 
el e cam pane 
rod o mon tade 

5. 
pros' e cu. tor 
per se cu tor 
com men ta tor 
el e va tor 

6. 
fa vor a ble 
Aon or a ble 

7. 
pe des'tri an 
e ques tri an 
sa tiir ni an 
em pyr e an 

8. 
pan e gyr'ic 
par a phras tic 
hem is pher ic 
tel e graph ic 

9. 
o be'di ent 
o be di ence 
o be di ent ly 



an te pe nult f 
leg er de main 
nev er the less 

zh 
men ag e rie 

flow er de luce 

chSr i 9t eer 
in op por tune 

spec'u la tor 
in no Ya tor 
cal cu la tor 
lib er a tor 

rea son a ble 
sea §on a ble 

per son'i fy 
di Yer si fy 
in deni ni fy 
be at i fy 

cat e £hu/rnen 
cat e ghet ic 
pa tri argh al 
hi e rarch al 

om nis'cience 
om nis cient 
om nis cien cy 



A pedestrian walks. An equestrian rides upon a 
horse. Legerdemain is sleight of hand. A legislator 
makes laws. Rodomontade is vain boasting. A pane- 
gyric is a laudatory speech or a eulogy. A telegraphic 
despatch. 



142 READING AND SPELLING. 

Heaven. 

1. The rose is sweet, but it is surrounded with 
thorns ; the spring is pleasant, but it is soon past ; the 
rainbow is glorious, but it vanisheth away ; life is good, 
but it is quickly swallowed up in death. 

2. There is a place of rest for the righteous ; — in 
that land there is light without any cloud, and flowers 
that never fade. Myriads of happy souls are there 
singing praises to God. 

3. That country is heaven : it is the country of those 
that are good, and nothing that is wicked must inhabit 
there. This earth is pleasant ; for it is God's earth, 
and it is filled with delightful things. 

4. But that country is better: there we shall not 
grieve any more, nor be sick any more, nor do wrong 
any more. In that country there are no quarrels ; — 
all love one another with dear love. 

5. When our parents die, and are laid in the cold 
ground, we see them here no more ; but there we shall 
embrace them, and never be parted from them again. 

6. There we shall meet all good men, whom we read of 
in holy books. They loved God on earth ; but in that 
country they will praise him better and love him more. 

7. There we shall see Jesus, who is gone before us to 
that happy place ; and there we shall behold the glory 
of the high God. '— Mrs. Barbauld. 

Words of Five Syllables. 

&f fa bil'i ty ca pa bil'i ty 

cul pa bil i ty du ra bil i ty 

mag na nim i ty li a bil i ty 

prob a bil i ty pla ca bil i ty 

u na mm i ty e qua nim i ty 

u ni ver si ty mu ta bil i ty 

Greatness of mind is magnanimity. Equanimity is 
evenness of mind. Unanimity is agreement in opinion. 
"Worcester's Pronouncing, Explanatory, and Synony- 
mous Dictionary. Mutability is changeableness. 



WORDS OP FIVE SYLLABLES. 



143 



ex'pi a to ry 
ob li ga to ry 
ju di ca to ry 

a mi a ble nSss 
am i ca ble ness 

he re'd'i ta ry 
le git i ma cy 
pre lim i na ry 
in cen di a ry 
sub sid i a ry 
in del i ca cy 

de gen er a cy 
con fed er a cy 
in ad e qua cy 
de lib er ate ly 
con sid er ate ly 
in tern per ate ly 

com par a tive ly 
de clar a tive ly 
di min u tive ly 
dis trib u tive ly 
con tin u al ly 
par tic u lar ly 

in tel li gi ble 
in hos pi ta ble 
im prac ti ca ble 
un fash ion a ble 

la bo'ri ous ness 



4. 



7. 



char'i ta ble n&ss 
prof it a ble ness 
fig u ra tive ly 

or di na ri ly 
spir it u al ly 

de f am'a to ry 
de clam a to ry 
ex plan a to ry 
pre par a to ry 
con sol a to ry 
de rog a to ry 

la bo ri ous ly 
me lo di ous ly 
no to ri ous ly 
mi rac u lous ly 
ri die u lous ly 
in dus tri ous ly 

in va ri a ble 
com mu ni ca ble 
in sep a ra ble 
ir rep a ra ble 
in ex o ra ble 
ir rev o ca ble 

con tern po ra ry 
ex tern po ra ry 
e pis to la ry 
vo cab u la ry 

de lib er ate ngss 



The task was impracticable. An inseparable com- 
panion. A list of words in the order of the alphabet is 
a vocabulary. An epistolary correspondence. Inexo- 
rable means unrelenting or implacable. 



144 



WORDS OF FIVE SYLLABLES. 



crim i nal'i ty 
sim i lar i ty 
prin ci pal i ty 
hos pi tal i ty 
in fi del i ty 
sen si bil i ty 

al le gbr i cal 
cat e gor i cal 
math e mat i cal 
em blem at i cal 
sys tern at i cal 
sci en tif i cal 

gSn er 8s i ty 
reg u lar i ty 
pop u lar i ty 
an i mos i ty 
me di oc ri ty 
en ri os i ty 

m com pat i ble 
in cor rupt i ble 
ir re §ist i ble 
im per cept i ble 
com pre hen si ble 
in ex pres si ble 

Deii ter on o my 
St y mol o gy 
met a phy§ i cal 



2. 



3. 



4. 



5. 



6. 



in ge nu/i ty 
in ere dn li ty 
in tre pid i ty 
im % be cil i ty 
lib er al i ty 
per pe tu i ty 

mis eel la ne ous 
in stan ta ne ous 
con sen ta ne ous 
sub ter ra ne ous 
si mul ta ne ous 
ho mo ge ne ous 

im ma te ri al 
die ta to ri al 
pii mo ge ni al 
mat ri mo ni al 
min is te ri al 
phar i sa i cal 

<5p por tu ni ty 
im por tu ni ty 
im pro pri e ty 
no to ri e ty 
con tra ri e ty 
in con sist en cy 

in sup port a ble 
in ex cu§ a ble 
rec on cil a ble 



un a void a ble 
un ac count a ble 



mon o syl la ble 
pol y syl la ble 

Homogeneous, having the same nature. Etymology 
treats of the origin, derivation, and signification of words. 
A categorical answer. A mathematical problem. Pas- 
sionate hatred is animosity. Miscellaneous examples. 



READING. 145 

Tfie Twin Babes. 
The following beautiful lines describe two little twin 
babes, dead, and in a coffin, and the mother bending 
over it, and looking upon them through her tears : — 

1. 
'Twas summer, and a Sabbath eve, 

And balmy was the air, — 
I saw a sight which made me grieve, 

And yet the sight was fair. 
Within a little coffin lay 
Two lifeless babes, as sweet as May. 

2. 
Like waxen dolls, which infants dress, 

Their little bodies were : 
A look of placid happiness 

Did on each face appear ; 
And in the coffin, short and wide, 
They j.ay together, side by side, 

3. 
A rose-bud, nearly closed, I found 

Each little hand within ; 
And many a pink was strowed around, 

With sprigs of jessamine ; 
And yet the flowers that round them lay 
Were not to me more fair than they. 

4. 
Their mother, as a lily pale, 

Sat by them on a bed ; 
And, bending o'er them, told her tale, 

And many a tear she shed ; 
And oft she cried amidst her pain,— 
" My babes and I shall meet again ! " 



A Mother's Love. 

A mother's love, — how sweet the name ! 

What is a mother's love ? 
A noble, pure, and tender flame, 

Enkindled from above, -—Montgomery, 
18 



146 



WORDS OF FIVE SYLLABLES. 



e lee tric/i ty 
e las tic i ty 
ec cen trie i ty 
mul ti plic, i ty 
per ti nac i ty 
du o de§ i mo 

in ter rbg'a tive 
rep re sent a tive 
ar gu ment a tive 
m con sid er ate 
il le git i mate 
in de ter mi nate 

an ni ver sa ry 
car a van sa ry 
con san guin i ty 
mag na nim i ty 
par a dox i cal 
met a phor i cal 

p£r al lei o gram 
al pha bet i cal 
at mo spher i cal 
ec o nom i cal 
in ar tic u late 
per pen die u lar 

math e ma ti"cian 
a cad e mi cian 
a rith me ti cian 
ge om e tri cian 
m£t a phy si cian 



2. 



3. 



an a 15g i cal 
as tro log i cal 
phil o log i cal 
the o log i cal 
tau to log i cal 
&b o rig i ne§ 

sat is fac to ry 
in tro due to ry 
val e die to ry 
phra §e ol o gy 
gen e al o gy 
en to mol o gy 

ex com mu ni cate 
c'ir cum nav i gate 
pre^ by te ri an 
by dro pho bi a 
mi mor tSl i ty 
im mo ral i ty 

cer e mo ni ous 
del e te ri ous 
lex i cog ra pher 
flex i bil i ty 
plau §i bil i ty 
Sm bi gu i ty 

en thu si ^s f tic 
Sc cle si as tic 
Sr is to crat ic 
char ac ter is tic 
ep i gram mat ic 



Valedictory is a farewell address. A book called du- 
odecimo has twelve leaves to a sheet. The aborigines 
are the earliest inhabitants of a country. Caravansary, 
an inn for travellers in the East. 



READING, 147 



Syllables, Diphthongs, and Triphthongs. 

1. Jane. You often tell me to pronounce my syllables distinctly ; 
but I do not know what you mean by syllables. 

2. Mother. A syllable is a whole word, or so much of a word as we 
speak at once. One syllable is a little word, which you speak with 
only one motion of your mouth ; as, top, kite, doll. To pronounce a 
word of two syllables, you must move your lips or tongue twice ; as, 
pa-per, li-on, Bi-ble. A word of three syllables requires the motion of 
the mouth three times ; as, vi-o-let, re-mem-ber ; and so on, up to very 
long words. Do you understand this ? 

3. Jane. Yes, mother : I think play is a word of one syllable ; play- 
ful, a word of two syllables ; and play-fid-ly, a word of three syllables. 

4. Mother. You are right : and I will now tell you what names are 
given to words that have different mimbers of syllables in them : — 

A word of one syllable ... is called . . a monosyllable. 

A word of two syllables . . . " . . a dissyllable. 

A word of three syllables . . " . . a trisyllable. 

A word of more than three syllables " . . a polysyllable. 

5. Jane. What is a diphthong, mother ? 

6. Mother. If two vowels come together in the same syllable, they 
are called a diphthong ; as, ou in thou. If both vowels are sounded, 
they are called a. proper diphthong ; as, ou in thOil, and oi in voice : but 
if only one of the vowels is sounded, they are called an improper diph- 
thong ; as, ea in beat, and ai in pain. 

7. Jane. How many vowels are there in a triphthong ? 

8. Mother. There are three vowels in a triphthong ; as, eau in beail- 
ty, and ieu in lieu. Can you tell me now which is the proper and which 
the improper diphthong in the words jOy and field f 

9. Jane. Oy in joy is a proper diphthong, and ie in field is an im- 
proper diphthong ; for both o and y are sounded va.joy, and only e in 

field. 



Questions. 

1 . What is a syllable ? What is a word of one syllable called ? 
What is a word of two syllables called ? What is a word of three syl- 
lables called ? What is a word of more than three syllables called ? 

2. What is a diphthong ? What is a proper diphthong? What is 
an improper diphthong ? What is a triphthong ? Is there a diphthong 
in the word choice ? Which letters are the diphthong ? Is it proper 
or improper ? What are the sounds of o and i in this diphthong r 
Why is this a proper diphthong ? 

3. What letters are the diphthong in the word plain f Is it proper 
or improper ? Why ?. Which vowel is sounded ? Has it a long or 



148 



READING AND SPELLING. 



short sound? What letters are the triphthong in the word adieU? 
Why is it called a triphthong ? Ans. Because three vowels are united 
in one syllable. Which vowel is sounded ? 

4. Is the word paper a monosyllable or a dissyllable ? Why ? What 
sort of a word is violet? Why ? What is a polysyllable r What sort 
of a word is interrogation ? How many syllables has it ? Which is 
the accented syllable r Is the sound of the accented syllable long or 
short ? Which syllable has the secondary accent ? 



Words 


re-spelled to show their Pronunciation. 


Written. 


Pronounced. 


Written. 


Pronounced. 


buoy . . . . 


. bwoe 


cham'ois . . 


. sham'me 


fer'ruie . . 


. fer'ril 


bat-eau' . . . 


. bat-to' 


neph'ew . . 


. neVvu 


bu-reau' . . . 


. bu-r5' 


vis' count. . 


. vi'kount 


bur'y . . . 


. ber're 


haut'boy . 


. ho'boe 


bur'i-al . . 


. . ber're-al 


cup' board 


. kub'burd 


na'tion-al . 


. nSsh'ion-al 


cui-rass' . 


. kwe-ras' 


ra'tion-al . 


. rash'ion-al 


chest'uut . 


. clies'nut 


hal-le-lu'jah 


. hal-le-lii'ya 


hei'nous . 


. ha'nus 


port-man' teai 


i . port-man'to 


flam'beau . 


. flam' bo 


ren-dez-vous' 


. ren-de-v6z' 


colo'nel . 


. kiir'nel 


con-nois-seur 


. kon-nes-sur' 


vigil' ette . 


. . vin'yet 


a-pos'tle . . 


. a-pos'sl 


hic'cough 


. hic'cup 


e-pis'tle . . . 


. e-pis'sl 


ls'sue . . 


. . ish'shu 


nau'se-ate . 


. . nau'she-ate 


col'umn . 


. col'lum 


mi.?' tie-toe . 


, . miz'zl-to 


de-pot' . . 


. da-po' 


phthis'ic . . 


. . tiz'ik 


seign'ior . , 


. sen'yur 


cri-tique'. . 


. kre-tek' 


viz'ier . . 


. viz'yer 


gun' wale . . 


. gun'nel 


a-gain' . . 


. . a-gen' 


roq-ue-laure' 


. . rok-e-lor' 


a-gainst' . . 


. a-genst' 


jon-quil' . . 


. jun-kwil' 


oft'en . . 


. Sf'fn 


guil-lo-tine'. 


. . gil-lo-ten' 


soft' en . . 


. sbf'fn 


pal-an-quin' 


. . pal-an-ken' 



or skep tic 
skep ti cal 



scep'tic 

sc^ep'ti cal " skep ti cal 

s$ep ti ci§m " skep ti ci§m 

sjir rhus " skir rhus 



waistcoat 
wain scot 
piir lieu 
pus tule 



o'chre 
a ere 
al oe§ 
subt lc 



WORDS OP FIVE SYLLABLES. 



149 



de nbm i n action 
con tarn i na tion 
con sol i da tion 
a bom i na tion 
pre cip i ta tion 
dis crim i na tion 

con tin u a tion 
con fig u ra tion 
dis sim u la tion 
com mem o ra tion 
in ter ro ga tion 
e vap o ra tion 

no ti f i ca tion 
pu ri fi ca tion 
glo ri fi ca tion 
or gan i za tion 
rec om men da tion 
ver si fi ca tion 

re gen er a tion 
de lin e a tion 
in ter pre ta tion 
as sev e ra tion 
co op e ra tion 

o 
qual i fi ca tion 
clas si fi ca tion 
ar gu men ta tion 
rep re §en ta tion 

im 5£ in a tion 
ex ag ger a tion 



2, 



4. 



6. 



ab bre" vi a' tion 
al le vi a tion 
com mu ni ca tion 
ap pro pri a tion 
an ni hi la tion 
ac en mu la tion 

civ il i za tion 
ed i fi ca tion 
mul ti pli ca tion 
jus ti fi ca tion 
sig ni fi ca tion 
rat i fi ca tion 

de lib er a tion 
con sid er a tion 
con fed er a tion 
com mis er a tion 
ac eel er a tion 
al lit er a tion 

for ti fi ca tion 
mor ti fi ca tion 
grat i fi ca tion 
mod i fi ca tion 
man i fes ta tion 

in au gu ra tion 
ar tic u la tion 
in sin u a tion 
ex ten u a tion 

in ter po si"tion 
in dis po §i tion 



Richard obtained a recommendation. They made an 
appropriation for the inauguration. The fortifications 
of the city were sufficient. A false representation. They 
labored with harmonious cooperation. 
13* 



150 



WORDS OF FIVE, SIX, &c. SYLLABLES. 



ad min is tra'tion 
as sas si 11a tioii 
pro eras ti na tion 
re tal i a tion 



a man u en sis 
ad min is tra tor 
ad min is tra trix 
ex per i ment al 

al pha beVi cal ly 
an a lyt i cal ly 
di a met ri cal ly 
hyp o crit i cal ly 
in ter rog a to ry 
rec om men da to ry 

in cre'd j bil'i ty 
in flex i bil i ty 
dis sim i lar i ty 
in vis i bil i ty 
in sen si bil i ty 

in c«5m pre hen si ble 
in con tro vert i ble 
ma te ri al i ty 
con ge ni al i ty 

im pen e tra bil'i ty 
im prac ti ca bil i ty 
in tel li gi bil i ty 



3. 



6. 



su per a bun'dant 
su per a bun dance 
su per in ten dent 
su per in ten dence 

hi e ro glyph ic 
mis rep re §ent ed 
mis un der stand ing 
an ti spas mod ic 

su per nu' me ra ry 
im ma te ri al ly 
mer i to ri ous ly 
cer e mo hi ous ly 
ir re me di a ble 
su per an nu a ted 

pre d£s ti na'ri an 
M£d i ter ra ne an 
an te di lu vi an 
me di a to ri al 
en cy clo pse di a 

im pos si bil i ty 
in fal li bil i ty 
ir reg u lar i ty 
in f e ri or i ty 

per pen die u lar'i ty 
in com press i bil i ty 
in com bus ti bil i ty 



me te o ro 15^'i cal 
gSn e a lo^'i cal ly 



in com pat i bil'i ty 
con sub stan ti al i ty 

Procrastination is called the thief of time. An aman- 
uensis writes what another dictates. The statement was 
incontrovertible. The superintendent was faithful. His 
administration was acceptable to the people. 



READING. 151 



The Child's Time Tabic. 
l. 

Sixty seconds make a minute, 
Sixty minutes make an hour : " — 

I -wish I were a little linnet, 
Singing from her leafy bower ; 

And then I should not have to count, 
" Sixty minutes in an hour." 

2. 
Twenty-four hours in a day, 

Seven days in a week ; " — 
I'd rather bound upon the hay, 

Or play at charming hide and seek, 
Than count the hours hi a day, 

Or tell the days that make a week. 

3. 
; In a month there are four weeks, 

And twelve months in a j r ear : " — 
All this to rne a language speaks, 

Which mother says I ought to hear. 

4. 
A second very quickly flies ; 

A minute soon is gone ; 
An hour is nothing in my eyes — 

When something's to be done. 

5, 
And when from my sweet sleep I rise, 

The day seems scarce begun, 
Before again I close my eyes, 

That opened with the sun. 

6. 
O, let me try to spend my years, 

And months, and weeks, and days, 
That I may have to shed few tears, 

And gain my Maker's praise. 



TJie Golden Rule. 

To do to all men as I would 

That they should do to me, 
Will make me kind, and just, and good, 

And so I'll try to be. 



152 PUNCTUATION. 



Pauses in Reading'. 

The principal points used to denote the various pauses in reading 
are the "following : — 

A Comma, marked thus , I Interrogation, marked thus r 

A Semicolon, " ; | Essclamation, " ! 

A Colon, " : j Parenthesis, ? ( ) 

A Period, « . | Dash, «« — 

A Comma denotes a pause while you can say — one. 

A Semicolon denotes a pause while you can say — one, two. 

A Colon denotes a pause while you can say — one, two, three. 

A Period denotes a pause while you can say — one, two, three, 
four. 

At a comma, semicolon, and colon, the voice must be kept up ; but 
at a period the voice must fall. 

[There are many exceptions to the above rule. A good reader will 
sometimes, when the sense requires it, let his voice fall at a comma 
and semicolon : he will often let it fall at a colon, and sometimes keep 
it up at a period. A good reader, also, will often make pauses where 
none are marked in printing.] 

An Interrogation point shows when a question is asked; as, ""What 
do you see ? " It requires the same pause as a period ; and the voice 
must be kept up, unless the question be asked by icho, which, what, 
when, how, where ; in this case the voice must fall. 

An Exclamation point denotes surprise, grief, joy, or something 
wonderful ; as, " O ! what folly ! " It requires the same pause as a 
period ; and the voice must fall or be kept up, according to the sense. 

A Parenthesis includes part of a sentence which is not necessary to 
make sense, and which should be read quicker, and in a weaker tone 
of voice. 

A Dash denotes a sudden change in the sentiment, and lengthens 
the pause. 



Other Characters used in Composition. 

Brackets, [ ] , are used to include a sentence or a word, which will 
explain something that precedes or follows. 

An Apostrophe, ' , denotes the omission of a letter ; as, o'er for over. 

A Quotation, » " , placed at the beginning and end of a passage, 
shows that it is taken from some other writer in his own words. 

A Hyphen, - , joins words or syllables ; as, lap-dog, pa-per. "When 
over a vowel, it denotes a long sound ; as a in fate. 

A Breve, v , shows that the vowel over which it is placed sounds 
short ; as, a in fat. 

A Circumflex, *, placed over a vowel, denotes the broad sound of 
a, as in fdll; the sound of e, like a long before r, as in there ; the 



PUNCTUATION. 153 

sound of i, like long e t as is. pique; the sound of long and close o, as 
in mdve ; and the sound of middle or obtuse w, as in bull. 

A Caret, a , shows where to bring in what was left out by mistake. 
It is used only in writing. 

An Ellipsis, , or - - - , shows that some letters in a word, or 

some words in a sentence, are omitted. 

An Index, 13^, points out a passage as remarkable. 

A Paragraph, IT , is chiefly used in the Bible, and denotes the begin- 
ning of a new subject. 

A Section, § , is used to subdivide chapters. 

An Asterisk, * ; Dagger, t ; Double Dagger, % ; Parallels, || ; and 
letters and figures, are used as references to notes at the side or bottom 
of the page. 



Emphasis. 

"When we distinguish any particular syllable in a word with a strong 
voice, it is called accent, as the first syllable in the word cap'i-tal ; but 
when any particular word in a sentence is thus distinguished, it is 
called emphasis, and the word on which the stress is laid is called the 
emphatical word, as in the following sentence (the words "manner" 
and "matter" are emphatical): "The manner of reading is as im- 
portant as the matter." 



Capital Letters. 

Capital letters should be used at the beginning of every book, chap- 
ter, note, and sentence ; at the beginning of names of the Deity ; of 
proper names of persons, places, seas, rivers, ships, and of adjectives 
derived from proper names ; at the beginning of a quotation ; of every 
line in poetry ; and of some important word in a sentence. 

The pronoun I, and the interjection O, should be written in capitals. 



Words alike in Sound, but different in Spelling' and 
Signification. 

The first tcord in a couplet shows hoxo the next is to be pronounced. 

Ale, a kind of beer. Bad, wrong, not good. 

Ail, to be sick. Bade, he did bid. 

Air, wind. Bale, a pack of goods. 

Ere, before. Bail, surety. 

Heir, ore inheritor. Bate, to lessen. 

E'er, ever. Bait, temptation. 

All, every one. Ball, a round bod>>. 

Awl, a sharp tool. Baui, to cry aloud. 

Ark, a vessel. Bare, naked. 

Arc, part of a circle. ' Bear, to suffer. 

AUght, any thing. . Bear, an animal. 

Ought, to be obliged. Brute, a beast. 



154 



WORDS ALIKE IN SOUND, 



Bruit, a noise. 

B5, to exist, 

Bee, an insect. 
BeCeh, a kind of tree. 
Beach, the shore. 

BSet, a plant. 

Beat', to strike. 
BSer, a kind of liquor. 
Bier, for the dead'. 

Bell, a sounding instrument. 

Belle, a fine lady. 
Bin, a place for corn. 
Been, existed. 

Blue, a color. 

Blew, he did Mow. 
Bore, to make holes. 
Boar, a male swine. 

Bow, to bend the body. 

Bough, a branch. 
Bred, brought, up. 
Bread, food made of corn. 

Brake, a thicket, a weed. 

Hreak, to part by force. 
But, except. 
Burt, a cask, a mark. 

By, near to. 

Buy. to purchase. 
Call, to cry out or name. 
Caul, a, thin skin. 

Cane, a staff. 

Cain, a man's name. 
Cent, apiece of money. 
Kent, he did send. 
Scent, a smell. 

Ceil, to make a ceiling. 

Seal, to fasten a letter. 
Cell, a hut. 
Sell, to dispose of. 

Cord, a small rope. 

Chord, in music. 
Chop, to cut. 
Chap, a beast's mouth. 

Clime, a region. 

Climb, to ascend. 
Core, the inner part. 
Corps, a body of troops. 

Coarse, not fine. 

Course, direction. 

Corse, a dead body. 
Creek, a small bay. 
Creak, to make a noise. 

Dam, to stop water. 

Damn, to condemn. 
Deer, an animal. 
Dear, costly, beloved. 

Dew, moisture on plants. 

Due, owed. 
Die, to lose life. 
Dye, to color. 

Dje, a female deer. 

Dough, breed unbaked. 
Dun, a. sort of color. 
Bone, performed 

Fane, a temple. 

Fain, willingly. 

Feign, to pretend. 
Faint, weak, feeble. 



Feint, a pretence. 

Fkxe.food, price of passage. 

Fair, beautiful. 
Feet, plural of foot. 
Feat, an act, an exploit. 

Fir, a tree. 

Fur, soft hair. 
Flee, to run away. 
Flea, an insect. 

Flew, did fly. 

Flue, part of a chimney. 
Flour, meal. 
Flower, a blossom. 

Fore, before. 

Four, twice two. 
Foul, impure, unfair. 
Fowl, a bird. 

Freeze, to congeal. 

Frieze, coarse woollen cloth. 
Gate, a large door. 
Gait, manner of walking. 

Gilt, overlaid with gold*. 

Guilt, crime, sin. 
Gage, to pledge. 
Gauge, to measure. 

Grate, a fireplace. 

Great, large. 
Groan, a deep sigh. 
Grown, increased. 

Hale, sound, healthy. 

Hail, to salute, frozen rain. 
Hall, a large room. 
Haul, to draw by force. 

Hart, an animal. 

Heart, the seat of life. 
Hare, an animal. 
Hair, covering of the head. 

Heel, part of the foot. 

Heal, to cure. 
Here, in this place. 
Hear, to hearken. 

Herd, a drove of cattle. 

Heard, did hear. 
Him, that man. 
Hymn, a sacred song. 

High, elevated. 

Hie, to hasten. 
Hue, a color. 
Hew, to cut. 

I, myself. 

Eye, the organ of sight. 
in, within. 
Inn, a tavern. 

Isle, an island. 

.\isle, walk in a church. 
Kill, to deprive of life. 
Kiln, for burning bricks. 

Lade, to load. 

Laid, placed. 
Lane, a narrow passage. 
Lain, did lie. 

Led, conducted. 

Lead, a metal. 
LSek, a kind of onion. 
Leak, to run out. 

Lie, an untruth. 

Lye, water drained through ashes. 



BUT DIFFERENT IN SIGNIFICATION, 



155 



L5af, of a plant. 
Lief, wUiimsltj. 

Lone, solitary. 

Loan, something lent. 
Lo, see ! behold ! 
Low, not high. 

Lea, an enclosed field. 

Lee, opposite Kind. 
Lock, to fasten with locks. 
Lough, a lake. 

Made, finished. 

Maid, a woman servant. 
Male, masculine. 
Mail, armor, bag of letters. 

Mane, of a horse. 

Main, the ocean, chief. 
Meed, a reward. 
Mead, a meadow. 

Maze, a winding path. 

Maize, Indian corn. 
Mantle, a kind of cloak. 
Man tel, chimney work. 

Mean, base, to intend. 

Mien, manner. 
Mite, a small insect. 
Might, power. 

Mote, a particle of dust. 

Moat, a ditch. 
Mete, to measure. 
Meet, proper, fit. 
Meat, flesh, food. 

Moan, to lament. 

Mown, cut down. 
More, greater portion. 
Mow er, one who mows. 

Mule, a beast. 

Mewl, to cry as a child. 
Nave, part of a wheel. 
Knave, a rogue. 

Naught, bad, wicked. 

Nought, nothing. 
Nily, no. 
Neigb, voice of a horse. 

Need, want. 

Knead, lo make dough. 
New, not old, fresh. 
Knew, did know. 

Night, time of darkness. 

Knight, title of honor. 
No, word of denial. 
Know, to understand. 

Not, denying. 

Knot, liard place in wood. 
Nun, a female recluse. 
None, not one. 

Our, belonging to vs. 

Hour, sixty minutes. 
Ch, alas ! 
Owe, to be indebted. 

Ore, a metal unrefined. 

Oar, a paddle. 
Pale, wanting color. 
Pail, a wooden vessel. 

Pane, a square of glass. 

Pain, suffering. 
Pars, to cut off. 
Pair, a couple. 



Pear, a fruit. 

Peace, rest, quiet. 

Piece, a part. 
Peak, the top of any thing. 
Pique, ill will, a grudge. 

Peer, a nobleman. 

Pier, part of a bridge. 
Plane, a tool. 
Plain, even, or level. 

Plate, a dish, wrought silver. 

Plait, a fold. 
Plum, a fruit. 
Plumb, a leaden wciglti. 

Pole, a long stick. 

Poil, the head. 
Pray, to entreat. 
Prey, booty, plunder. 

Quire, of paper. 

Choir, of singers. 
Rain, falling water. 
Reign, to rule. 
Rein, part of a bridle. 

Rap, to strike. 

Wrap, to fold together. 
Raze, to destroy. 
Raise, to set up. 
Rays, light, sunbeams. 

Reed, a plant. 

Read, to peruse a book. 
ReGk, to emit steam. 
Wreak, to revenge. 

Rest, to take ease. 

Wrest, to take by force. 
Rice, a plant. 
Rise, origin, increase. 

Rite, a ceremony. 

W^rite, to make letters. 

Right, not wrong, just. 

Wright, a workman. 
Ring, a circle, to sound. 
Wring, to tieist. 

Rode, did ride. 

Road, a highway. 
Rote, by memory. 
Wrote, did write. 

Roe, the eggs of a fish. 

Row, a rank. 
Ruff, a ruffle. 
Rough, not smooth. 

Rje, a sort of grain. 

Wry, crooked. 
Sale, act of selling. 
Sail, of a ship. 

Seen, beheld. 

Scene, part of a play. 

Seine, a net for fish. 
See, to behold. 
Sea, the ocean. 

Seed, of plants. 

Cede, to give up. 
Sere, withered. 
Cere, to wax. 
Sear, to burn. 
Seer, a prophet. 

Seem, to appear. 

Seam, edges joined. 
Sheer, pure, thin. 



156 



WORDS ALIKE IN SOUND, 



Shear, to clip. 
Shire, a county. 

Sine, a line. 

Sign, a token. 
Sink, to go down, a drain. 
Cinque, fire on dice. 

Sit, to be seated. 

Cit, a citizen. 
Site, situation. 
Sight, sense of seeing. 
Cite, to summon, to~quote. 

Slay, to kill. 

Sley, a weaver's reed. 

Sleigh, a kind of carriage. 
Slight, to despise, trifling. 
Sleight, dexterit.y. 

Slue, to turn round. 

Slew, did slay. 
Slow, not sicift. 
Sloe, fruit of the thorn. 

Sole, part of the foot. 

Soul, spirit of man. 
Stake, a post. 
Steak, apiece of flesh. 

S5re, a hurt. 

Soar, to go up. 
So, thus. 

Sow, to scatter seed. 
Sew, to use a needle. 

Stare, to gaze. 

Stair, a step. 
StSSl, hardened iron. 
Steal, to take by theft. 

Stile, steps over a fence. 

Style, fashion, language. 
Strait, a narrow passage. 
Straight, not crooked. 

Sum, the whole. 

Some, a part. 
Sun, the source of light. 
Son, a male child. 

Tiile, a story. 

Tail, the end of a thing. 
Tire, weight allowed. 
Tear, to rend. 

Teem, to abound. 

Team, of horses or oxen. 



ThS, definite article. 
Thee, thyself. 

Tear, water of the eye. 

Tier, a row, a rank. t 
Terse, smooth, neat. 
Tierce, a measure. 

Threw, did throw. 

Through, from end to end. 
Throw, to cast. 
Throe, extreme agony. 

Throne, seat of a king. 

Thrown, cast, flung. 
Time, duration. 
Thyme, a plant. 

Too, likewise. 

To, unto. 

Two, twice one. 
Tow, coarse linen. 
Toe, part of the foot. 

Vale, a valley. 

Veil, a covering for the face. 
Vane, a weathercock. 
Vain, fruitless, mean. 
Vein, a blood-vessel. 

Waste, loss. 

Waist, part of the body. 
Wile, rising part in cloth. 
Wail, to lament. 

Wait, to tarry. 

Weight, heaviness. 
Wire, merchandise. 
Wear, to consume, to put on. 

Wave, a billow. 

Waive, to put off. 
Way, a road. 
Weigh, to balance. 

Week, seven days. 

Weak, not. strong, feeble. 
Wood, the substance of trees. 
Would, was willing. 

Won, did icin. 

One, a single thing. 
Wall, a raised fence. 
Waul, to cry as a cat. 

You, plural of thou. 

Yew, a tree. 



Al'ter, to change. 

Al tar, a place for sacrifice. 

Xn'ker, a measure. 
Vn chor, of a ship. 
&u'ger, a tool to bore with. 
Au gur, to conjecture. 

As cent', steepness. 

As sent, agreement. 
Ber'ry, a small fruit. 
Bur y, to inter the dead. 

Bur' row, a hole. 

Bor ough, a toicn. 
Cal'en dar, a register. 
Cal en der. to dress cloth. 

Can'non, a large gun. 

Can on, a rule. 
Cap'i tal, a chief city. 



Cap i tol, a public edifice. 

Col Mar, /or the neck. 

Choi er, anger. 
Com'pli ment, kind words. 
Com pie ment, the full number. 

Col 'or, a hue, to paint. 

Cull er, one who selects. 
Coz'en, to cheat. 
Cous in, a relation. 

Ciir'rant, a fruit. 

Cur rent, a stream. 
Dos'sjl, a lump of lint. 
Dor ile, teachable. 

Fel'low, a companion. 

Fel loe, a rim of a wheel. 
FQn'gous, spongy. 
Fun gus, a mushroom. 



BUT DIFFERENT IN SIGNIFICATION. 



157 



fcal'ley, a loic vessel. 

Gal ley, a printer's case. 
In dite'. to compose. 
In diet, to impeach. 

Les'sen, to make less. 

Les son, a task, a precept. 
Mi'ner, one who digs. 
Mi nor, under age. 

Pal'let, a low bed. 

Pal eitte, a painter's board. 
Pan'nel, a rustic saddle. 
Pan el, a jury roll. 

Prac'tice, use. 

Prac tise, to exercise. 
Profit, gain. 
Proph et, one who foretells. 

Pum'jce, cinder of a fossil. 

Pom ace, apples ground. 
Rig'ger, one who rigs. 
Rig or, severity. 

Sail'er,_a sailing vessel. 



Sail or, a seaman. 
Sell'er, one who sells. 
Cel lar, a ground room. 

Sen' iqi\~ older. 

Seign ior, a Turkish ruler. 
Ses'sion, a sitting. 
Ces sion, act of giving. 

Sha green', a sort offish skin. 

Cha grin, ill humor, to vex. 
Sig'net, a seal. 
Cyg net, a young swan. 

Sta'tion a ry, fixed. 

Sta tion e ry, paper, pens, §x. 
Siick'er, a young shoot. 
Sue cor, relief, aid. 

Trav'ail, labor. 

Trav el, to journey. 
Vi'alj a small bottle.' 
Vi ol, a musical instrument. 

Weath'er, state of the air. 

Weth er, a sheep. 



What Honor means. 



1. Henry was a bright little boy, just learning to read. His mother 
usually spent half an hour with him every morning ; sometimes hear- 
ing him spell out every sentence ; sometimes reading stories to him ; 
and at others she taught him to repeat texts from the Bible or simple 
hymns. 

2. « Come to me, Henry," said his mother to him one day. " You 
may put away your blocks and little wagon first." 

3. "Yes, mother," said the little boy; and he hastily gathered up 
the blocks in his apron, and tumbled them into a large basket. " Wfcjen 
I obey quick, then I'm a good boy." 

4. " Yes, my clear. — I can't read you a story to-day ; I have a text 
for you to learn." 

6. "But, mother, I had rather hear a story. Aunt Mary always 
tells me stories when I want her to. I love to hear stories: why 
can't you tell me one r " 

6. " I think it best to have you learn a verse to-day," replied his 
mother. 

7. Henry, who had never been allowed to tease, had nothing more 
to say. He repeated pleasantly the verse given him, which was, — 
" Honor thy father and thy mother." 

8. "But what does honor mean?" said he, after repeating it once 
or twice. 

9. " I will, tell you when you honor your mother, and then you will 
understand what it means. If I asked you to go down stairs and get 
my thimble that I left on the table, and you should pleasantly leave 
your play, and run and get it, you would honor me." 

10. "Did I honor you when I picked up my blocks quick, and put 
them away, when vou told me ? " 

14 



158 READING. 

11. "Yes, Henry : so you see that to obey is one thing that honor 
means. But honor means something more. Do you remember Mr. 
Williams, the man who made your shoes ? " 

12. " Yes, mother ; he measured my foot with a stick." 

13. "Well, Mr. Williams is a poor man, but he honors his mother. 
He was a little boy once, and his mother took care of him, just as 
your mother takes care of you. Now he is a tall man. His mother is 
old and feeble. She is blind, but her son is very kind to her. 

14. " He gives her her clothes, and gets a good breakfast, and din- 
ner, and supper, for her every day. On Sundays he leads her to 
meeting, because she cannot see. He tries to do ail he can to make 
her happy. 

15. "Now, God wants yon and all children to honor their fathers 
and mothers, by being grateful to them for their kindness, and by 
treating them with respect and affection." 



The mower cuts down grass with a scythe. Henry 
demanded more wages. He paid his fare in the car. 
The weather is fair to-day. A barrel of flour. My 
plant has a red flower. Steel is made from iron. To 
steal is to take what is not your own. The wind blew. 
The sky is blue. The paws of a cat. He made a pause 
in his speech. Mary was not apprised of her danger. 
The estate was appraised at a thousand dollars. If 
you live in a des-ert, your friends will desert you. Do 
not sit on the table. Set the chair nearer. John pared 
the apple. He drove a pair of steers. Gather the.pears 
from the tree. The helmsman steered the ship. Who 
rung the bell ? Why did she wring her hands ? The 
boiler of the engine burst. The bust of a hero. He ate 
beefsteak* The horse was tied to a stake. Tom made 
a wry face. A bushel of rye. Anna wore a mantle. 
She put the book on the mantel. The orchard teemed 
with fruit. A long team of horses. The current of the 
river was rapid. The fruit of the currant is abundant. 
Straight as an arrow. The strait of Gibraltar. Did 
you see that yew tree ? He waived all objection. The 
waves of the sea ran high. He ascended to the top of the 
hill. The proposition was not assented to. Her face 
was covered by a veil. The vale of Avoca. The steps 
of the stile were broken. Her style of dress was neat. 



SPELLING. 



159 



Words which are often used for each other, but which 
differ in Spelling', Pronunciation, and Signification. 



Ac cept', to take. 
Ex cept, not to take. 

Ant, a small insect. 

Aunt, uncle* 's wife. 
Ap prize', to give notice. 
Ap praise, to fix the value. 

Bran, chaff. 

Brand, burning wood. 
Bust, head and shoulders. 
Burst, to break. 

Coun'cil, an assembly. 

Coun sel, advice. 
Dis ease', sickness. 
De cease, death. 



Gen'ius, mental powers. 
Ge mis, kind, or sort. 

Loose, to untie. 

Lo§e, to suffer loss. 
Of (ov), concerning. 
Off, at a distance. 

Prm'ci pal, chief. 

Prin ci pie, element. 
Pint, four gills. 
Point, a sharp end. 

Set, to place. 

Sit, to be seated. 
Rack, torture. 
Wreck, a shattered vessel. 



Words spelled alike, but differing in Accent, Pronun- 
ciation, or Meaning. 
A buse', ill treatment. Diffuse', verbose. 

A buse, to treat rudely. Dif fuse, to spread. 

Accent, force of voice. In'sult, an affront. 

Ac cent 7 , to place the accent.^ In suit', to affront. 
Au'gust, name of a month. In val'id, of no force. 
Au gust', splendid. In va lid', a disabled person. 



I'ron y, ridicule. 

I ron y, (Turn y) , like iron. 
Low'er, to let down. 
Low er, to look dark. 

Mm'ute, sixty seconds. 

Mi nute\ small. 



Close, compact. 

Clo§e, to unite. 
Con' tract, an agreement. 
Con tract', to bargain. 

Con'test, a dispute. 

Con test', to contend. 
Coiir'te sy, civility, respect. Pres'ent, a gift. 
Coiirte'sy, act of respect. Pre sent', to give. 

Clean'ly, neat. Rec'ord, a register. 

Cleanly, in a clean manner. Re cord', to register. 
Cruise, a small cup. Rise, increase, ascent. 

Cruise, a voyage for plunder . Rise, to ascend. 

Des'ert, a wilderness. Row, a rank. 

De sert', to forsake. Row, a riot. 



160 



PROPER NAMES. 



A'bram 
A bel 
A mos 
A sa 
A saph 
Be la 
Caleb 
Cy rus 
Da vid 
E nos 

Ab'ner 

Al bert 
Al fred 
Al vin 
An drew 
Brad ford 
Cal vin 
Ed gar 
Ed mund 
Ed win 



Names of Men. 

1. 

E'noch 
I ra 
I saac 
Ja bez 
Ja cob 
Ja red 
Jo nas 
Jo seph 
Hi ram 
Le vi 
2. 
Ed'ward 
Eg bert 
Fran cis 
Fes tus 
Hor ace 
Jes se 
Nym phas 
Pkil ip 
Eich ard 
Bob ert 



Lu'ther 
Ly man 
Mo §es 
Na than 
Pe ter 
Beu ben 
Silas 
Si mon 
Ti tus 
Za doc 

S&m'.son 

Sal mon 
T/iom as 
Will iam 
Wal ter 
Mar tin 
Ar thur 
Her bert 
Mor gan 
Lew is 



A'bra ham 
A ri el 
E phra im 
Ar chi bald 
Ar te mas 
Bar na bas 
Am a sa 
An t/io ny 
Ben ja mm 
-Christ o pher 
Zach a ry 
El na than 
Con stan tine 
Mai a chi 



Fred'er to 
Ga bri el 
Greg o ry 
Gid e on 
I§ ra el 
Josh u a 
Jon a than 
Lem u el 
Sam u el 
Sol o mon 
A lon'zo 
Al phon §o 
Al phe us 
Fer nan do 



STm'e on 
Nich o las 
01 i ver 
Tim o thy 
El ka niih 
Zeb u Ion 
The o doro 
Ju li us 
Phi n c as 
Dan i el 
E ras'mus 
E ras tus 
Jo si ah 
res te§ 





PROPER NAMES. 


161 


Leb be'us 


4. 

Cor ne'li us 


Eb en e'zer 


Thad de us 


E ze ki el 


Hez e ki ah 


Da ri us 


E li a kim 


Zed e ki ah 


Syl va nus 


Na than i el 


Jer e mi ah 


A bi el 


Ga ma li el 


Zacli a ri ah 


E li as 


Ti mo the us 


ba di ah 


E li sha 


The oph i lus 


Ne he mi ah 


A pel los 


E liph a let 


E le a zer 


Syl res ter 


Bar thol o mew 


Al ex an der 




Names of Women. 
1. 
Al'ice 




Di'nah 


Nan'cy 


Ju dith 


An nis 


Polly 


Eu nice 


Dor cas 


Phil lis 


Phe be 


Es t/*er 


Oliye 


Ea chel 


Ellen 


Sal ly 


Kho da 


Fran ces. 


Mar tha 


Sa rah 


Han nah 


Patty 


Su §an 


Hel en 


Bet sy 


•Clilo e 


Hul dah 


Lau ra 


Ab'i gail 


2. 
Har'ri et 


Pris cil'la 


As e nath 


Tab i tha 


Cla ris sa 


Cath a rlne 


Mar ga rSt 


Sa lo me 


Car o line 


Is. a bel 


El mi ra 


Ad a line 


Lu ci a 


E li za 


Em e line 


A man'da 


Ma ri a 


Deb o rah 


Mi ran da 


So phi a 


Delia 


Lu cin da 


Lu ere tia 


Dor o thy 


Be lin da 


Lou i §a 


Lyd i a 


Me lin da 


E liz a bSth 


Em i ly 


Re bee ca 


La vin i a 


El ea nor 


Su san na 


Hen ri et'ta 


Ag a tha 


Di an tha 


So phro'ni a 


Bar ba ra 


Ho no ra 


Tir gin i a 


Char i ty 


Phi lip pa 


Vic to ri a 


Cic e ly 


Try phe na 


Me hit a ble 



14 



162 READING. 



The Orphan. 
1. 

I saw a little lamb to-day ; 

It was not very old ; 
Close by its mother's side it lay, 

So soft within the fold : 
It felt no sorrow, pain, or fear, 
"While such a comforter was near. 

2. 

Sweet little lamb, you cannot know 
What blessings I have lost ; 

"Were you like me, what could you do, 
Amid the wintry frost ! 

My clothes are thin, my food is poor, 

And I must beg from door to door. 

3. 

I had a mother once, like you, 

To keep me by her side : 
She cherished me, and loved me too, — 

But soon, alas ! she died. 
Now, sorrowful and full of care, 
I'm lone and weary every where. 

4. 

I must not weep, and break my heart ; 

They tell me not to grieve ; 
Sometimes I wish I could depart, 

And find a peaceful grave : 
They say such sorrows never come 
To those who slumber in the tomb. 

o. 

'Twas thus a little orphan sung, 

Her lonely heart to cheer : 
Before she wandered very long, 

She found a Saviour near : 
He bade her seek his smiling face, 
And find in heaven a resting place. 



A Childlike Spirit. 

Father, I know that all my life 
Is portioned out for me ; 

The changes that will surely come, 
I do not fear to see : 

I ask thee for a present mind 
Intent on pleasing thee. 



UNITED STATES, AND SEATS OF GOVERNMENT. 163 



New 

England, 
or 

Eastern 
States. 



Middle 
States. 



Rhode Isl'and 



Con nect'i cut 



Southern 
States. 



f Maine Au gus'ta. 

New Hamp' shire . . . Con'cord. 

Ver mont' Mont pel'ier. 

M&s sa cliu'setts . . . Boston. 

PrbVi dence. 

New'porf. 

Hart'ford. 

New Ha'ven. 

New York' Al'ba ny. ' 

J New Jersey Tren'ton. 

] Penn syl va'nj a. . . . Har'ris biirg 

l^DeTa ware Do' ver. 

Ma'ry land An nap'o lis. 

Vir gm'i a Rich'mond. 

North Car o li'na . . . Ra'leigh. 

South Car o li'na ... Co liim'bi a. 

Geor'gi a Mil'ledge ville. 

Al a ba'ma Tus ca 166'sa. 

Mis sis sip'pi Jack'son. 

Lou i §i a'na New Or'le ans. 

Flor'ida .' Tal la has'see. 

Tex'as ....... Aus'tin. 

Ten'nes see Nash'ville. 

Ken tuck'y Frank' fort. 

hi'o ....... Co lum'bus. 

In di an' a In dian ap'o lis. 

II li nois' . . . . . . Spring'field. 

Mis sou'ri Jef'fer son. 

MTch'i gan De troit' 

Ar kan' sas Lit'tle Rock. 

1 ow'a Des Moines. 

Wis con'sin ..... Mad'i son. 

Cal i for'ni a Sac ra men'to. 

Mm ne so'ta St. Paul. 

^Or'e gon Sa'lem. 

District. — Co liim'bi a Washington. 

Territories. — Kan'sas. New Mex'i co. Ne brSs'ka. 
Wash'ing ton. Da co'tah. Ind'ian. U'tah. 



Western 
States. 



164 


PROPER 


KAMES. 








Selected from the New Testament 

i 






Ja'son 


1. 

Ca'na 


Ro'mans. 




V 

Ste'phen 


Si don 


Ba lak 


Ea liab 




Ath en§ 


Ce dron 


Cae §ar 


Rama 




Ru fus 


Pa phos 


Ce phas 


Sy gliar 




Je sus 


€hi os 


Ju das 


Ca naan 




Tar sus 


Sa mos 


He brew 

2. 


Ba laam 
sli 




Cor inth 


A/dri a 


Eph'e sus 


Lii'ci us 




Phar'i sees 


Ca ri a 


Laz a rns 


A si a 




Syr a cuse 


Ne re us 


Gal i lee 


Ly"si a 




Naz a rSth 


Pro te us 


Sad du cees 


My si a 




Bab y Ion 


Na a man 


Gal li 5 


Pon'ti us 




Sil o am 


Ju pi ter 


Ap pi i 

3. 
Ci li"ci a 


Ter ti us 




Gol go tha 


Ga la/tians 




E 


man'u el 


E phe sians 


Co los'si 


ans 


Eii 


l roc ly don 


Ba rab bas 


Co rin tin ans 


Sa 


mar i tans 


Jo an na 


A the ni 


ans. 


Is 


car i ot 


Ar ghip pus 


He ro di 


ans 


Ca 


per na um 


Au gus tus 


Je ru sa 


lem 


Beth sa i da 



The Old and New Testaments. 

1. The Bible is divided into the Old Testament and 
the New Testament. The word Testament means will. 
These Testaments contain God's will, — what God 
chooses his creatures should do. 

2. The first part of the Bible is called the Old Testa- 
ment, because it was written first. The New Testament 
is called New, because it was written last. 

3. The Old Testament was written in the Hebrew 
language. It is the history of the people once called 
Hebrews : they have since been called Jews. 

4. The New Testament was written in the Greek 
language. The first four books of the New Testament 
are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. These books are 
sometimes called Gospels. They are four histories of 
Jesus Christ ; they were written by four good men who 
loved Christ. 



THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS. 165 

5. Besides these Gospels, the New Testament con- 
tains the Epistles and the Revelation. 

6. Children see Romans, Corinthians, Ephesians, 
printed over the top of the pages of the New Testament. 
They sec, also, James, Peter, Jnde. Romans, Corin- 
thians, and Ephesians, mean the Letters of Saint Paul 
to the people who lived at Rome, at Corinth, and at 
Ephesus; James, Jude, Peter, mean Letters written 
by J,)\n^;i, Jude, and Peter. 

7 . We read in the New Testament of the Temple, the 
Synagogue, Scribes, and Pharisees : young children do 
not know what these words mean. 

8. The temple was a very great and beautiful 
church ; it was built by King Solomon. 

9. Synagogues were smaller churches, where the 
ministers taught the people. 

10. There are, at this time, different sorts, or sects, 
of Christians ; — there are Presbyterians, Episcopalians, 
Baptists, and Methodists. There were, in the time of 
our Saviour, different sects of Jews. The Pharisees 
were one sect of Jews. The Pharisees pretended to be 
better than other people : they pretended to be better 
than they were. This is to be a hypocrite. 

11. Before printed books were used, people had no 
other books than those which were written with a pen. 
The people who wrote the books were called scribes or 
ivrilers. Books were first printed a little more than 
four hundred years ago. Before that time, Bibles were 
very scarce ; and none but the rich could afford to buy 
one. Now they cost but little ; and every child that 
can read may have a Bible or a New Testament. 



Declaration of Congress, 1776. 

"We hold these truths to be self-evident : that all men 
are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Cre- 
ator with certain unalienable rights ; that among these 
are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 

Washington — First in war, first in peace, and first 
in the hearts of his countrymen. 



166 



FIGURES AND NUMBERS. 



One 1 

Two 2 

Three 3 

Four 4 

Five 5 

Six 6 

Seven 7 

Eight 8 

Nine $ 

Ten 10 

Eleven 11 

Twelve 12 

Thirteen 13 

Fourteen 14 

Fifteen 15 

Sixteen 16 



I. 

n. 

m. 

IV. 

v. 

YI. 

YTI. 

VHL 

rx. 

x. 

XI. 

xn. 

xin. 

XIV. 

xv. 

XYI. 



Seventeen 17 ...-XYH. 

Eighteen 18 ...XYIH. 

Nineteen 19 XIX. 

Twenty 20 XX. 

Twentv-one 21 XXI. 



Twenty-two .... 22 
Twenty-three ... 23 
Twenty- five .... 25 

Thirty 30 

Thirty-one 31 

Fortv 40 

50 

GO 

70 

80 

90 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1000 



Fifty 

Sixty 

Seventy 

Eighty 

Ninety 

One hundred . . 
Two hundred . . 
Three hundred . , 
Four hundred . , 
Five hundred . . 

Six hundred 

Seven hundred . , 
Eight hundred . 
Nine hundred . . 
One thousand . . 



....XXIL 

...xxm. 

. . . . XXV. 
. . . . XXX. 
...XXXI. 

XL. 

L. 

LX 

.... LXX. 
...LXXX. 
XC. 

c. 

cc. 

ccc. 

... cccc. 

D. 

-DC. 

DCC. 

. . . DCCC. 
..DCCCC. 
M. 



One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-nine, 1859. 
MDCCCLIX. 



Names of the Months, with the Number of Days in each. 



C March 31 

Spring, 7 April 30 

<May 31 

C June . , SO 

Summer, < July 

( August 



Autumn, 



31 Winter, 
31 



September 30 

October 31 

November 30 

December 31 

January 31 

Februa'rv 28 



The Lord's Prayer. 

Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy 
name ; thy kingdom come ; thy will be done on earth, 
as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread ; 
and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who 
trespass against us ; and lead us not into temptation, 
but deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, 
and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen. 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



167 



Abbreviations. 

An abbreviation is a part of a word, which, for want of room, or to 
save time, is written instead of the whole. In some abbreviations we 
use only the first letters, as N. for North ; N. W. for North- West. 
Sometimes we take the first letter and the last, as Vt. for Vermont. 
Sometimes we write the first syllable of a word, as Chap, for Chapter ; 
and sometimes we take parts of words in some other language, as Id. 
for Idem, — a Latin word which signifies the same. 

1. 
Dan Daniel. 



Gen . Genesis. 

Ex. Exodus. 

Lev Leviticus. 

Numb Numbers. 

Deut Deuteronomy. 

Sam Samuel. 

Chron Chronicles. 

Ez Ezra. 

Ps Psalms. 

Prov Proverbs. 

Eccl. ...... .Ecclesiastes, 

Isa Isaiah. 

Jey Jeremiah. 

Lam Lamentations. 

Ezek Ezekiel. 



Hos Hosea. 

Zeph Zephaniah. 

Mat Matiheiv. 

Rom Romans. 

Cor Corinthians. 

Gal Galatians. 

Eph Ephesians. 

Phil Philipiriam. 

Col Colossians. 

Thes Thessalofiiatis. 

Tim Timothy. 

Heb Hebreivs. 

Pet Peter. 

Rev Revelation. 



J an January. 

Eeb February. 

Apr April. 

Aug August. 

Sept September. 

Oct October. 

Nov November. 

Dec December. 



Me Maine. 

N. K New Hampshire. 

Yt Vermont. 

Mass Massachusetts. 

R.I Rhode Island. 

Conn, or Ct.. Connecticut. 

N. Y New York. 

N. J New Jersey. 

Pa Pennsylvania. 

Del Delaware. 

Md Maryland. 

Ya Virginia. 

N. C JVort/* Carolina, 



N AbrtA. 

S South. 

E £aw?if. 

W West. 

N. E North-East. 

N. W iVo.^A-IFes*. 

S. E South-East. 

S. W South- West. 



3. 



S. C. 
Ga... 
Ala. . 
Miss.. 
La. .. 



South Carolina. 
Georgia. 
Alabama. 
, Mississippi. 
. Louisiana. 



Ten Tennessee. 

Ken Kentucky. 

O Ohio. 

Min Minnesota. 

Ind Indiana. 

Ill Illinois. 

Mo Missouri. 

Or Oregon. 



168 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



N. A North America. 

S. A South America. 

IT. S United States. 

N. E New England. 

Mich Michigan. 

D. C District of Columbia. 

Ark Arkansas. 

Elor Florida. 

Can. ...... Canada. 

U. C Upper Canada. 

Abp Archbishop. 

Att'y Attorney. 

Bart Baronet. 

Capt Captain. 

Col Colonel. 

Com Commodore. 

Const Constable. 

Dea Deacon. 

Dept Deputy. 

Dr Doctor or Debtor. 

Esq Esquire. 

Gen General. 

Pres President. 

Prof. Professor. 

Kegr Register. 

Rep Representative. 

Rev Reverend. 

Sen Senator. 

Serv Servant. 

A. or Ans. . -4nsi0er. 

Acct ^4ccew??£. 

Bbl 5a?re?. 

B. C Be/ore CAmf. 

Bp Bishop. 

C. or Cent. J. hundred. 

C. C. P. . . . Ccwr* o/ Common Pleas 

Co Company. 

Com Commissioner. 

Cr Graft*. 

C. S Cozfrt 0/ Sessions- 

Cwt Hundred weight. 

Cts Cte»fo. 

Do. orDitto, 77*e same. 

Ep Epistle. 

Ed Edition or Editor. 



4. 

L. C Lower Canada. 

N. B Afete Brunswick. 

N. S Jom Scotia. 

G. B Grea* Britain. 

Eng England. 

Scot Scotland. 

Lond London. 

Phila Philadelphia. 

Bait Baltimore. 

N. O JVeu' Orleans. 

5. 

Gent Gentleman. 

Gov Governor. 

Hon Honorable. 

Jun. or Jr.. Junior. 

Kt Knight. 

Ld Lord. 

Lieut Lieutenant. 

Maj Major. 

Mr Master or Mister. 

Mrs. ...... Mistress or Missis. 

P. M Post Master. 

St &wtf. 

6. 

Chas diaries. 

Geo George. 

Jas James. 

Jno To/mi . 

Jona Jonathan. 

Theo Theophilus. 

Wm William. 

7. 

Ex Example. 

Exr Executor. 

Eol JFbfto. 

Hund Hundred. 

Hhd Hogshead. 

lb. or Ibid. 77? e same. 
, Id 77* e same. 

Km Kingdom. 

Messrs. . . . Gentlemen, or Sirs. 

MS Manuscript. 

MSS Ma)iuscripts. 

Lat Latitude. 

Lon Longitude. 

Math Mathematics. 

No Number. 

N. S A T <?«r SSyfe. 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



169 



O.S OU Style. 

O. T Old Testament. 

N. T New Testajnent. 



Pari Parliament. 

P. O Post Office. 

S. J. C. . . .Supreme Judicial Court. 



d a penny. 

dwt pennyweight. 

dr .dram. 

grs grams. 

i. e that is. 

lb a pound in weight. 

£ a pound in money. 

p page. 

pp pages. 

oz ounce. 



q. .. 
q. s. 
qr. . 
qt. . 
pt. . 



. a farthing. 

. a sufficient quantity. 

. quarter of a cwt. 

.quart. 

.pint. 

.shilling. 



v. or ver. ..verse. 
v. or vl'de, see. 

viz to wit or namely. 

yd yard. 



9. 



A. B Bachelor of Arts. 

A. D In the year of our Lord. 

A. M Master of Arts. 

A. M hi the year of the world. 

A. M Before noon. 

A. C Before Christ. 

B. D Bachelor of Divinity. 

D. D Doctor of Divinity. 

G. B George the King. 

LL. D Doctor of Laws. 

L. S Z%e P/ace 0/ f/ie Sea?. 



M. D Doctor of Physic. 

N. B Ta^e notice. 

Per cent. . . Ify $$ hundred. 
Philom. . . .Lover of learning. 

P. M Afternoon. 

B King. 

S. T. D. . . .Doctor of Divinity. 

S. T. P Professor of Divinity. 

ss To wit or namely. 

ult 2%e fas*. 

&c ^4«c? so forth. 



10. 



Anon. .... Anonymous. 

Ad Adverb. 

Amt Amount. 

Av Average. 

Abr Abridged. 

Bk i?oo&, — b., iom. 

Brig Brigadier. 

Bro Brother. 



C.E Canada East. 

C. W. ."...Canada IFes*. 

Con Against. 

Dft Defendant. 

Fahr . Fahrenheit, 

Octv Octavo. 

Geol Geology. 

B. R Railroad. 



11, 



Admr. .... Administrator. 

Adjt Adjutant. 

Am American. 

A. H. M. S. ^4m. Home Missionary Soc, 
A. T. S. . . ^4m. 7Vac£ Society. 

A. U. A. . . .4»i. Unitarian Assoc'n. 

B. M Bachelor of Medicine. 

Chanc Chancellor. 

C. H Cowrt J/oase. 

C. J Chief Justice. 

Den Denmark. 

Disc Discount. 

Div. Dividend. 

15 



Diet Dictionary, Dictator. 

Exc Excellency . 

F. B. S. ..Fellow of the Royal Soc. 

Her Heraldry. 

Hf. bd. . . . Half bound. 

Incog Unknown. 

Inst Of the present month. 

K. B 2&%fa o/7Ae jfctf/j. 

L. C Zoro' Chancellor. 

Mus. D. ..Doctor of Music. 

O. F OddFelloio. 

TJ. S. N. . .United States Navy. 
V. P FVce President. 



170 



QUOTATIONS FROM LATIN. 



Quotations from the Latin Language explained. 



Ad lib'i-tum, at pleasure. 

Ad m-fi-ni'tum, without 
limit. 

Ad va-Io'rem, according to 

_ value. 

A f or-ti-o'ri, for stronger 
reasons. 

A'li-as, otherwise. 

Al'ma ma'ter, university. 

A.n'gli-ce, in English. 

A pos-te-ri-o'ri, from effect 
to cause. 

A pri-o'ri, from cause to 
effect. 

Ar-ca'na, secrets. 

Bo'na fi'de, in good faith. 

Com'pos men'tis, of sane 
mind. 

CSn a-mo're, with love. 

De no'vo, anew. 

De'i gra'ti-a, by the grace 
of God. ' 

De ju're, by right. 

Dram'a-tis per-so'nae, char- 
acters represented. 

Ec'ce bo'mo, behold the man. 

E plu'ri-biis u'num, one of 

^ many. 

Er-ra'ta, errors. 

Ex of-f i"ci-o, officially. 

Ex par'te, on one side. 

Ex post f ac'to, done after- 
wards. 

Fac sim'i-le, close imitation. 

Fi'nis, end. 

For'ti-ter in re, firm in ac- 
tion. 



Gra ; tis,/or nothing. 

Ha'be-as cor'pus, you may 
have the body. 

Hie ja'cet, here he lies. 

In lo'co, in the proper place. 

In sta'tu quo, in the former 
state. 

In to'to, in the whole. 

Ip'se dix'it, he said it. 

Ip'so f ac'to, by the fact it- 

_ self 

I' tern, also, likewise. 

Ju're di-vi'no, by divine 
right. 

Mag'na €haYta, the Great 
Charter. 

Ma'lum in se, an evil in it- 
self. 

Me-inen'to mo' ri, forget not 
death. 

Mul'tum in par'vo, much 
in a little. 

Ne plus ul'tra, nothing be- 
yond. 

No'lens vo'len§, willing or 
not. 

Per an'num, by the year. 

Per di'em, by the day. 

Per se, alone, or by itself. 

Pro et con, for and against. 

Pro bo'no pub'li-co,/or the 
public good. 

Pro f 'or' ma, for form's sake. 

Pro tem'po-re,/or the time. 

Quon'dam, former. 

Quan' turn suf'fi-cTt, a suffi- 
cient quantity. 



QUOTATIONS FROM FRENCH. 



171 



Quid ntine ? what now ? 

Sanc'tum sanc-to'rum, the 
holy of holies. 

Se-cun'duin iir'tem, accord- 
ing to art. 

Si'ne di'e, no day agreed 
upon, without day. 

Si'ne qua non, indispensa- 
bly requisite. 

Sub ro'sa, privately. 

Sii'i £en'e-ns, of a peculiar 
kind. 

Sum'smura bo'num, greatest 
S'ood. 



TeDe'um, a hymn of praise. 
Tj'na vo'ce, unanimously . 
U'ti-le dul'ci, useful with 
m agreeable. 

L^-d-ma'turn, the last offer. 
Ve'to, a prohibition. 
Ver-ba'tim, word for word. 
Ver'sus, against. 
Vi'a, by the way of. 
Vi'ce, in the room of. 
Yi'ce ver'sa, the reverse. 
VI' va vo'ce, with the living 
voice. 



Quotations from the French Language explained. 



A la, after the manner. 

Am a tear', an admirer. 

Ap-ro-pos', to the purpose. 

At-ta-che (at-a-sha'), at- 
tached to. 

Au fait (o fa), skilful, ex- 
pert. 

Ba-di-nagc (ba-de-n azh') , 
pleasantry. 

Bag-a-telle', trifle. 

Beau (bo), a man of fash- 
ion, a fop. 

Beau monde, the gay world. 

Belles-let' tres, polite learn- 
ing. 

Bi-jou (be-zh6), a jewel. 

BTl-le^-douo;', love letter. 

Bon-mot', a jest. 

B5u-ton' (bon-tong') , fash- 
ion. 

Bon vi-vant (bon ve-vang'), 
a good liver. 



B6u-doir' (bo-dwor') , a 
small private apartment. 

Cap-a-pie, from head to 
foot. 

C arte-blan che' , uncondi- 
tional terms. 

Chef-d'ceu'vre (she-dovr), 
masterpiece. 

Oi-de-vant (se-de-vong'), 
formerly. 

Conge (kon-je), leave, of 
absence. 

Coup de grace', finishing 
stroke. 

Gdup de main', sudden en- 
terprise. 

Qbup d'ceil (k& dal'), a 
glance. 

De-bu7', beginning. 

Dern-ier' res-sorf', (dern- 
yar'), last resort. 

De-po^', store or magazine. 



172 



QUOTATIONS FROM FRENCH. 



Detrop (de tro'), too much, 

De-voir (dev-wor'), duty. 

Dou-ceur', a present. 

Ec-lat', splendor, shoiv. 

En-core' (ang-kor'), again. 

En masse' (ong-inas') in a 
mass. 

En-nui' (on-we'), tiresome- 
ness. 

Faux pas (fo pa) .false step. 

Fri-§eiir, a hair dresser. 

Gar-con', a boy or waiter. 

Hors de combat (or de kong- 
ba) , not in a condition to 
fight. 

Jeti de mots (zhti), play 
upon words. 

Jeti d'es-prf£, play of wit. 

L' ar-gent (lar-zhong'),mo- 
ney. 



Me-lange', a mixture. 

Non-cli a-lance' , indiffer- 
ence. 

Outre (6-tra'), absurd. 

Per-diie', lost. 

Pet'iJ mai'tre, a fop. 

Pro-te-ge' (pro-te-zha'), a 
person protected. 

Eouge (rozh), red paint. 

Sang froid (sang frwa), 
coolness. 

Sans, without. 

Sa-Yan£, a learned man. 

Tete atete (tat-a-tat),/ace 

_ to face. 

U-nique', singular. 

Ysl-et de chambre (va-le 
de shambr'), a footman 
or valet, 



Presidents of the United States. 

George Washington, . . ♦ 1789. 

John Adams, 1797. 

Thomas Jefferson, 1801. 

James Madison, 1809. 

James Monroe, 1817. 

John Quincy Adams, 1825. 

Andrew Jackson, 1829. 

Martin Van Buren, 1837. 

William Henry Harrison (died in office), . . 1841. 

John Tyler, 1841. 

James K. Polk, 1845. 

Zachary Taylor (died in office), 1849. 

Millard Fillmore, 1850. 

Franklin Pierce, . , 1853. 

James Buchanan, 1857. 



ORTHOGRAPHY 



Orthography teaches the nature and power of letters, and the 
method of combining them in syllables according to common usage. 

Letters are marks, or characters, representing sounds of the human 
voice. 

The letters of a language, taken together, are called its Alphabet. 
The word alphabet is derived from the first two of the Greek letters, 
Alpha and Beta. The Greeks took them from the Hebrew, Aleph and 
Beth. 

The English alphabet consists of twenty- six letters. 

[For definitions of vowels and consonants, and of syllables, diph- 
thongs, and triphthongs, see pages 124, 147. For sounds of the vowels 
and consonants, see the " Key," page 8, and the table for exercises in 
articulation, page 15. To the last paragraph but two on page 16, it 
was intended to add the following: — '"the full or long sound of o 
should be preserved in this class of words."] 

The correct pronunciation of words is called Or'tho-e-py. 
X, at the beginning of words, sounds like z; as, Xerxes, pronounced 
Zerxes. 

C, in a few words, sounds like -,• as, suffice, pronounced suffize. 

WORDS. 

A primitive word is not derived from any other word or words in 
the language ; as, mill, care, able. 

A derivative word is formed from a primitive word by some 
change or addition ; as, miller, careless, unable, ably. 

A simple word is not formed by uniting other words ; as, rail, hand. 

A compound word is formed by joining two or more words ; as, rail- 
road, hand-book, common-place-booJ:. 

SPELLING. 

Spelling is the art of expressing words by such letters as common 
usage sanctions. Many words admit of two or more different ways of 
spelling. See Worcester's " Comprehensive Dictionary," page 253, &c. 

Prevailing usage is to be learned by observing the practice of the 
standard authors of the present day, and by consulting those dictiona- 
ries that are commonly received as authority for correct spelling. 

RULES FOR SPELLING. 

Rule I. — A single final consonant after a single vowel is doubled 
in words of one syllable, and in words accented on the last syllable, 
when another syllable beginning with a vowel is added ; as, tan, tan - 
ner, tan'ning, tanned; rob, rob'ber, rob'bing, robbed: wed; iced' ding, xoed'- 
dest, tced'ded; refer', refer' ring, refer' rest, referred' ; begin', begin' ner, 
begin'ning, begin' neth: commit', commit'tee, commit' ting, commit' ted. 

The final consonant is not doubled, — 

1. When it is preceded by a diphthong ; as, bait, bait'ing, baited; 
15* (173) 



1T4 RULES FOR SPELLING. 

seem, seem' ing, seemed; poor, poor' er, poor' est ; defraud', defraud' ing, de- 
fraud' ed. 

2. When it is preceded by another consonant ; as, plant, plant' ing t 
plant' ed ; exact, exact' ing, exact' ed; disturb', disturb' er, disturbing, dis- 
turbed'. 

3. When the accent is not on the last syllable ; as, differ, differing, 
differed; mer'it, mer'iting, mer'ited, ben' eft, ben'efiting, benefited; gar'- 
den, gar'dener, gar'dening. 

The usage, in respect to words ending in I, is not settled. In many 
■words, though not accented on the last syllable, I is doubled by most 
■writers of the present day; as, trav'el, traveller; coun'sel, coun'sellor. 
According to general usage, kidnap and worship double the final letter ; 
as, kidnapped, worshipped. 

The letter x is never doubled ; as, wax, waxen ; tax, taxed. 

When the additional syllable changes the accent, the final consonant 
is not doubled ; as, confer', conference , refer', reference, referee'. The 
word excellence is an exception. 

Rule II. — Words ending with a silent e generally drop the e on 
taking another syllable beginning with a vowel ; as, tcaste, wast' ing ; 
love, lov'ing; prude, prud'ish, rate, ra 'table ; praise, prais'er ; dense, 
den'sity ; see, se'er, se'eth ; wise, wis'er, tots' est. 

The letter e is retained, — 

1. After c and g, when it is necessary to preserve their soft sound ; 
as, peace, peaceable ; change, changeable; courage, courageous; singe, 
singeing ; service, serviceable. The e is retained in agreeable, disagree- 
able. 

2. On taking another syllable beginning with a consonant ; as, large, 
largely; care, careful; excite, excitement; agree, agreement ; safe, safety; 
pale, paleness. 

Exceptions. — Judgment, lodgment, argument, abridgment, acknowl- 
edgment, duly, truly, 'wholly, auful, woful. 

3. On adding ing in the following words, — shoe, hoe, toe, dye; as, 
shoeing, hoeing, toeing, dyeing. 

In the words die, tie, lie, vie, e is dropped, and i changed to y, on 
adding ing ; as, dying, tying, lying, vying. 

Rule III. — Words ending in/, I, or s, after a single vowel, double 
the final consonants ; as, stuff, Buff, ball, fill, glass, moss ; except if, 
of, as, is, has, his, was, gas, yes, this, us, thus. 

Other final letters are not doubled ; as, tub, bad, log, hem, man, map, 
war, hat, &c. ; except add, ebb, egg, err, inn, odd, buzz. 

Rule IV. — Words ending in y, after a consonant, change it into i, 
on taking another syllable ; as, happy \ happily, happiness ; merry, mer- 
rily, merriment; pity, pitiful, pitiless ; holy, holier, holiest; glory, glori- 
ous, glorify, glorified ; justify, justifier, justified, justifieth, justifies ; try, 
tried, trier, tries. 

Y is not changed, — 

1. When it is preceded by a vowel ; as, boy, boys ; play, plays, played; 
obey, obeys, obeyeth, obeyed , valley, valleys; turkey, turkeys; except in 
pay, paid ; lay, laid; say, said, saith ; day, daily. 

2. When ing is added; as, dry, drying; defy, defying; multiply, 
multiplying. 



RULES FOR SPELLING. 175 

3. When an apostrophe and the letter 5 are added; as, lady, lady's ; 
enemy, enemy s. 

Rule V. — Words ending in double consonants retain both, on 
taking another syllable ; as, bliss, blissful; helpless, helplessness ; stiff, 
stiffly. 

The following words" are exceptions : — bell, belfry ; chill, chilblain ; 
skill, skilful; mil, toilful; fill, fulfil ; roll, enrolment; dull, dulness ; full, 
fulness, fulsome ; bull, bulwark. 

Rule VI. — The plural of nouns is generally formed by adding s to 
the singular ; as, book, books ; dove, doves ; coward, couwds ; monarch, 
monarchs. 

When the singular number ends in x, ss, sh, ch (as in churclt), cs is 
added to form the plural ; as, box, boxes ; class, classes ; xcish, tcishes ; 
church, churches. 

Nouns that end in y, after a consonant, change y into i, and add es 
to form the plural ; as, enemy, enemies ; family, families. 

Nouns ending in o, after a consonant, add es to form the plural ; as, 
cargo, cargoes; potato, potatoes; buffalo, buffaloes; except canto, cento, 
grotto, junto, memento, portico, rotunda, salvo, solo, tyro, duodecimo, octa- 
vo, quarto, and a few others, which add s only ; as, cantos, grottos, Sec. 
Nouns ending in o, after a vowel, add 5 only to form the plural ; as, 
embryo, embryos ; sUulio, studios ; folio, folios ; cuckoo, cuckoos ; cameo, 
cameos. 

Several nouns ending inforfe form their plurals by changing/ or 
fc to ves ; as, half, halves ; loaf loaves ; life, lives ; shelf, shelves ; knife, 
knives; sheaf, sheaves. Others, as chief fife, grief, gulf, hoof proof, 
safe, scarf, strife, surf turf, and most of those ending inff, form their 
plurals by adding s ; as, chief, chiefs ; stuff, stuffs, &c. Staff has staves 
in the plural, and wharf has tcharves, according to American usage, but 
the English use wharfs. 

Rule "VTI. — Compound words generally retain the spelling of the 
words of w r hich they are composed ; as, herein, whereof ice-house. 
One e is dropped in wherever, and words ending in II often drop one I ; 
as, already, almost, withal, until. 

Note. — In the termination ed, it is usual to say that d only is added, 
when the word ends in <? ; but we may consider the c as dropped, and 
ed added, according to Rule II. ; as, waste, wast'ed; decide, decid'ed; 
love, lov'ed; accrue, accru'ed. 

When the termination ed follows p, k, f c soft, s, th sharp, sh, ch, 
and x, it sounds like t; as, whipped, picked, chafed, laced, ceased, earthed, 
wished, touched, taxed. The d, in words of other terminations, except 
d and t, is joined to the last consonant, and the c is silent ; as, robed, 
caged, filled, charmed, fanned, barred, showed, gazed, raved, breathed. 

The ed forms a syllable when added to words ending in d or t ; as, 
menaced, plant'ed. 

The words learned, blessed, beloved, &c, when used as adjectives, are 
pronounced learn' ed, bless' ed, belov'ed; as, a learn' ed mqfr; the bless' ea\ 
Saviour ; the belov'ed apostle. 



176 DERIVATION. 

DERIVATION. 

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES. 

In order to understand the structure of our language, it is important 
to learn the meaning of the initials and terminations of derivative words, 
or the meaning of their prefixes and suffixes. 

A Prefix is a letter, syllable, or word, placed at the beginning of 
some other word, to change or modify its meaning ; as, holy, nnholy ; 
rule, misrule ; fix, prefix. 

A Suffix or Affix is a letter or letters, syllable or syllables, placed 
at the end of other words to change and modify then 1 meaning ; as, rule, 
rider; hard, harden, hardly, hardship; favor, favorite, favoritism. 

The following are some of the most common Prefixes. 

1. English Prefixes. — A., be, mis, un. 

A signifies on, in, to, or at ; as, ashore, asleep, aground, afar. 
Be signifies upon, over, or to make ; as besprinkle, oedaub, oecalm. 
Mis signifies ill, or wrong ; as, mismanage, mistake, misdeed. 
Un signifies not ; as, unable, nnjust, imclean, nnmoved. 

2. Latin Prefixes. — A, ab, or abs, signifies from ; as, avert, ad- 
solve, abstract. 

Ad signifies to or at; as, adjoin, adverb. This prefix and some oth- 
ers change the last letter to that with which the primitive word begins ; 
as, accord, a/firm, aggrieve, annex, allude, append, assign, &c. 

Ante signifies before ; as, antedate, antechamber, antediluvian. 

Circum signifies around; as, circumscribe, circwmnavigate. 

Con, and the forms it takes, signifies together, or with ; as, confirm, 
coexist, compress, collect, commix., corrupt. 

Contra, or counter, signifies against ; as, contradict, countermand. 

De signifies down or from; as, depend, depart, debar, debark. 

Dis, di, or dif, signifies separation, out, not, or to take away ; as, dis- 
solve, displace, dissever, discourtesy, diverge, diffuse, differ. 

Ex, or e, with its forms, signifies out, out of; as, extend, evaporate, 
e/fuse. 

Extra signifies beyond; as, extraordinary, extrajudicial. 

In, with its forms, signifies not ; as, incorrect, ionoble, iZlegal, immor- 
tal. It sometimes strengthens the meaning of the simple word ; as, 
inflame, incite ; but in other cases it signifies in, into, on, or upon ; as, 
incase, infuse, impress. It. is sometimes changed to cm or en ; as, em- 
brace, enchant, engrave, embody, enjoin, encumber. 

Inter signifies between ; as, interchange, interline, interjection. 

Intro signifies within, or into; as, introvert, introduce, introduction. 

Ob, with its forms, signifies in the way, against, up, down; as, obstruct, 
occur, offend, oppose, oppress. 

Per signifies through ; as, perambulate, pervade, perspire. 

Pre signifies before ; as, predispose, premature, preposition. 

Pro signifies forth, forward, or beforehand ; as, produce, prolong, pro- 
scribe. 

Re signifies back, again, anew; as, refit, return, reconquer. 

Retro signifies backwards ; as, retrograde, retrospect, retrocession. 

Se signifies aside, apart, out; as, seduce, select, seclude, secrete. 



DERIVATION. 177 

Sub, with its forms, signifies wider, or after ; as, subscribe, snodivide, 
sup-press, success, suffer, stipend. 

Super, or sur, signifies above, or over ; as, superfine, surplus. 

Trans signifies across, over, or beyond ,• as, transatlantic, transcribe, 
transpose, transform, ^rausgress, transfer, transmit. 

Ultra signifies beyond, or extreme; as, wftmmarine, w&ra-liberal. 

3. Greek. Prefixes. — A, or an, signifies not, or without ; as, athe- 
ist, anarchy, anonymous, apathy, anomalous. 

Anti, or ant, signifies against; as, ant tmason, antagonist, aufr'pathy. 

Hyper signifies above, or over ; as, nynercritical, hyperbole. 

Syn, sym, syl, or sy, signifies with, or together ; as, synonymous, sym- 
pathy, syllogism, system, synopsis, symphony, synonyme. 

The following are the most common Suffixes. 

1. Those that denote the j>erson who does a thing, or xoho is in a cer- 
tain state or condition ; as, an or ian, publican, politician ,• ant, account- 
ant ; ar, beggar ; ard, drunkard ; ary, missionary ; ate, graduate ; ce, 
trustee ; eer, auctioneer ; ent, studeuf ; cr, baker ; ist, botanist ,• ite, fa- 
vorite / ive, capture ,• or, actor ; ster, songster. 

2. Those that relate to things ; implying, 1st, state or condition, being 
or state of being ; as, acy, obstinacy,- age, bondage ; al, denial; ance, 
guidance ; ence, providence ; ency, tendency ; hood, haxdUtood ; ion, 
action; ment, banishment; mony, testimony ; ?iess, goodness; ship), hard- 
ship ; th, warmiA; tide, quictutfe ; tudc, multitude; ty or ity, casualty, 
abilrty; y, mastery: — 2d, the place where, or the thing that; as, ary, 
infirmary, library ; ery, nursery ; ory, factory ; dom, kingdom ; — 3d, 
little, small, or young ; as, cle, particle; cule, ule, animalcule, globule; 
ki?i, ling, lamb/an, duckling ; ock, hillock : — 4th, doctrine or science of; 
as, ics, mechanics ; ism, galvanism .- — 5th, the thing done or made ; as, 
ice and fee, service, notice, edifice, orifice : — 6th, state, power, or art 
of; as, ure, departure, culture, exposure, architecture. 

3. Those that signify belonging or relating to, being or having, full of, 
quality of made of, little of, resembling ; as, able, detestaWe ; ac, demo- 
niac; al, national; ant, triumphal; ar, globular; ary, planetary ; ate, 
temperate ; en, wooden ; ent, abstinent ; escent, convalescent ; ful, joy- 
ful; ial, partial; ible, credible; ic or ical, angelic, political ; id, florid; 
He, juvenile ; ine, crystalline ; ish, whiU'sn ; ive, destructive ; like, child- 
like ; ly, bardly ; ous, glorious ; ose, verbose ; ory, contradictory ; toard, 
backward ; y, flowery. Less denotes xcant of, or not having ; as, fear- 
less, boundless. 

4. Those that signify to make, to give, to put, or to take ; as, ate, com- 
municate; en, lengthen ; fy, justi/y ; ish, admomsA; ize, civilize. 

PRIMITIVE WORDS FROM THE LATIN. 

Ago, actum, to act; cedo, cessum, to go, to yield; capio, captum, to 
take; accipio, acceptum, to accept; cerno, cretum, to separate, to dis- 
cern; credo, creditum, to believe; curro, cursum, to run; dico, dictum, 
to speak; duco, ductum, to lead; facio, factum, to make or do; afficio, 
affectum, to affect; fero, latum, to carry; frango, fractum, to break; 
gradior, gressus, to go by degrees ; lego, lectura, to gather, to read; ludo, 
lusum, to play ; mitto, missum, to send ; pello, pulsum, to drive; plico, 
plicatum, to fold ; pono, positum, to place; porto, portatum, to bear or 



178 



DERIVATION. 



carry ; possum, posse, to be able ; prehcndo, prehensum, to take Iwld of; 
premo, pressum, to press; quasro, quavsitum, to ash; rogo, rogaturn,* to 
request; rumpo, ruptum, to break; scio, to know; seribo, scrip turn, to 
write ; seco, sectum, to cut; sedeo, sessum, to sit; sensio, sensum, to 
think; sequor, secutus, tofolhxo; servio, servitum, to sen-e; spondeo, 
sponsum, to promise; statuo, statutum, to set up; eonstituo, constitu- 
tiun, to establish ; sto, statum, to stand; struo, structum, to build ; sumo, 
sumptuin, to take; tango, tactum, to touch; teneo, tentum, to hold; 
traho, tractum, to draw; trudo, trusum, to thrust; vado, vasum, to go; 
valeo, to be well; %'ello, vulsum, to pull, to tear ; verto, versum, to turn; 
venio, ventum, to go, to come; video, visum, to see ; vinco, vfttum, to 
conquer; voco, vocatum, to call; volvo, volutirm, to roll. 

By leaving off the last syllable of the above Latin words, — that is, 
the o and the xim, — it will immediately be seen, that they constitute 
the foundation, or root, of many English words. By applying preiixes 
and suffixes, proper English words may be formed, with an occasional 
slight variation of the spelling : for example, take the verb verto, ver- 
sum, or vert, vers; leaving off o and urn, we have advert, convert, 
divert, invert, ohvert, revert, subvert ; and from vers we have version, 
diversion, inversion, conversion, perversion, reversion, subversion, verse, 
adverse, converse, diverse, inverse, perverse, reverse, transverse, sub- 
versive, — twenty-three words, — in all of which the primitive meaning 
to turn may be traced. The number might be increased to more than 
two hundred. 



ERRORS IN PRONUNCIATION CORRECTED. 



aunt, not 


aunt 


' effort not 


effut 


radish 


not 


rSdish 


daunt " 


daunt 


does " 


doSz 


adieu 


<c 


add 


drSin " 


dreen 


doth " 


doth 


harsh 


" 


hash 


plait " 


pieet 


join " 


jine 


horse 


(i 


hbss 


gather " 


gether 


roll " 


rile 


rather 


" 


rfither 


sauce " 


s'arse 


point " 


pint 


first 


(i 


fust 


breech " 


brltch 


catch " 


ketch 


keep 


(( 


kep 


sleek " 


slick 


get 


git- 


stint 


" 


stent 


heard " 


heard 


ancient " 


ancient 


medal 


<c 


meddle 


stem " 


starn 


angel " 


angel 


juice 


" 


jodse 


tiny " 


teny 


general " 


glneral 


rosin 


<i 


rozum 


bristle " 


briisl 


God " 


Gawd 


dnce 


<( 


wQnst 


spirit " 


sperit 


jiist " 


jest 


hither 


«c 


hether 


rinse " 


rense 


yonder " 


yender 


- card 


(I 


kyard 


width " 


wedth 


news " 


noose 


girl 


(( 


gyirl 


brethren " 


brfithren 


poison " 


pizn 


February 


(C 


Febuary 


wrestle " 


r'asle 


beauty " 


booty 


thirsty 


«« 


thfisty 


therefore " 


thiirfore 


presume " 


prezoom 


storm 


«( 


stawm 


drove " 


drQv 


gums " 


gooms 


rhubarb 


(( 


rhtibub 


Bofa " 


sophy 


supple " 


soople 








docile " 


docile 


column " 


colyum 









PROPER NAMES 



Ath'ens 
Am bbj? 
Ant werp 
Ban gor 
Car roll * 
Chesh ire 
Cas sel 
Chat ham 
Dub lin 
Flor ence 
Flan ders 
Grant ham 
Gran ville 
Hoi land 
Jaffa 
Knox ville 
Lam beth 
Mech lin 
Mil an 
Sheffield 
Lich field 
Syd ney 
Ven ice 
Tunis 
Tu rin 
© tab. 
An def 
B&l tie 
Avon 
Brls toi 
Cai ro 
Cadiz 

Bel grade' 
Ben gal 
Be nin 
Ber tie 
Bre ton 
Ch'a leilr 
Cham plain 
Che raw- 
Dun dee 
Dun kirk 
Fay al 
Kash mire 
Lan daff 
Mo selle 
Ma drag 
Ma drtd 
O zark 
Pe d55 
Tan gier 
Ver saillef 



Al'bany 
Al der ney 
An do ver 
Ab jng ton 
Blng ham ton 
Bos pho rua 
Brit ta ny 
Chit ten den 
Col dies ter 
Hab er sham 
Lux em biirg 
In gold stadt 
Is ling ton 
Llv er pool 
Og dens biirg 
Pam lj Co 
Ear i tan 
Swlt zer land 
Trip 9 ii 
t) tj ca 
Val te line 
Wa. ter ford 
Wa ter loo 
West more land 
Win ches te r 
Man che9 ter 

Ma tan'zas 
Ne v'a da 
Q whf ee 
Pa tips c5 
Ma nil la 
Ro set ta 
Mah rat ta 
Hon du ras 

An nap'o Us 
As tu ri a 
Aus tra lj a 
Co lum bj a 

Al ex an'der 
Bal a kla va 
Co pen ha fen 
Eh ren brelt stein 
Ma rj et ta 
Mes u ra do 
Mar tj ni co 
Mon tj eel lo 
Nac og d5 che? 
Sal o ni ca 
Shen an do ah 
Siis que han na 



A Vo'ca 
A run del 
Ba ha ma 
Cam peach y 
Cyl lo den 
Ge ne va 
Hen 15 pen 
Ka tah djn 
Kil lar ney 
Lin Hth gow 
Mil wall kie 
Os we go 
Pal my ra 
He le na 
Vj Sn na 

Al be marie' 
Car ib bee 
Dar da nellesj 
El si nore 
Fran ken stein 
Guy an dotte 
Lab ra db'r 
Mack i n*w 
Mar bl'e hSad 
Om a ha 
Is pa han 
Hln dos tan 
Pas quo tank 
E5 an 5ke 

Phil a del'phi a 
Cal e do ni a 
Mo non ga he' la 
Om pom pa noo'suc 
Con stan tj no pie 
A drj an 5 pie 
6 ce an'i ca 
Pas sa ma quod'dy 
Pern i ge was'set 
Pol y ne'sj a 
Pom e ra n| a 
Phil ip pop'o 1} 
Pop 9 cat'a petl 
Tran syl va'nj a 
Traj an op'o lj 
Vas jl j pot'a mo 
Cm me ra p68 ra 
Viz a gap a tarn' 
Wap sj pln'e con 
Wer ni ge rs'de 
Ri'9 Col o ra'do 
Ri'9 Ja nei'rS 
(179) 



180 



MULTIPLICATION TABLE. 



New England, 



Hail to the land whereon we tread I 

Our fondest boast, 
The sepulchre of mighty dead, 
The truest hearts that ever bled, 
"Who sleep in glory's brightest bed, 

A fearless host : 
No slave is here : our unchained feet 
Walk freely, as the waves that beat 

Our coast. 

Thou art the firm, unshaken rock 

On which we rest ; 
And, rising from thy hardy stock, 
Thy sons the t rant's frown shall mock, 
And Slavery' galling chain unlock, 

And fref che oppressed ; 
All who the wreath of Freedom twine 
Beneath the shadow of thy vine 

Are blest. - 

J. G. Percival. 



Multiplication Table. 



1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| 15| 16 


2| 4| 6| 8|10|12| 14| 16| 18 l 20 l 22 l 24 l 26 l 28 l 30 l ^2 


3| 6| 9jl2|15|18| 21| 24| 27] 30| 33| 36| 39| 42| 45 1 48 


4| 8|12|16|20|24| 28| 32| 36| 40| 44| 48| 521 56| 60| 64 


5|10|15j20|25|30| 35| 40| 45| 50| oo\ 60| 65 1 70| 75| 80 


6|12|18|24|30|36| 42 1 48 1 54| 60| 66| 72| 78| 84j 90| 96 


7|14|21|28|35|42| 49 1 56| 63| 70| 77| 84| 91| 98|105|112 


8|16|24|32|40|48| 56| 64| 72| 80| 88| 96|104|112|120|128 


9|18!27|36|45 54 63 1 72| 81| 90| 99|108|117|126|135|144i 


10|20|30|40|50|60| 70| 80| 90|100|110|120|130|140J150|160 


11|22 33|44|55|66| 77| 88| 99|110|121|132|143|154 165|176! 


12l24|36|48j60j72| 84| 96|108|120|132|144|156|168|180|192j 


13|2G|39|52jG5|78| 91|104|117|130|143|156|169|182jl95|208j 


14|28|42|56|70|84| 98|112|12«|140{154|168|182|196|2ia|224| 


15j30|45i60i75i90|105|120il35|lo0|16o|180|195|210|225|240 


|16|32|48|64|80|96|112|128|144|160|176|192i208 224|240|256| 



mmmm I 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



RECOMMEN] 




00 31559170 

I have examined the North Amer. -_- — s — "F^JZ 
L W. Leonard, and commend it to the favorable notice of pa- 
rents and instructors. The arrangement of the lessons will, in 
my opinion, make the progress of the pupil much more easy, and 
must render the work a valuable acquisition. 

From the North American Review. 
This little work is somewhat beyond the range of our accus- 
tomed studies. But we cannot deny ourselves the satisfaction of 
saying that, as far as we are able to form an idea of what a 
Spellfng Book should be, this is precisely that thing. 

From the Courier and Enquirer. 
We have examined the work with some care, and are pleased 
with its arrangement, selections, and execution. It contains 180 
m<res, and is well calculated for our primary schools. It weU de- 
serves the examination of all our school committees; and w* 
think it would gain friends by a close examination of its merits. 
W i consider it better adapted to small childien than any Spelling 
Book which has ever fallen into our hands; and our experience 
in these books has been considerable. Its author and publisher 
deserve well of community for its existence; for the bpelnng 
Book is the " kin" bee " in all our common schools, and he who 
excels in furnishing the best, does a great good to millions. 

From the Philadelphia Saturday Courier. 
Nohth American Spelling Book. — We believe we have 
once before called attention to this valuable compilation. It wili 
bear a second notice; for we consider the arrangement of the les- 
sons, and the plan of the work throughout, as admirably designed 
I to facilitate the progress of the young learner, particularly in the 
i system of orthography, which the author Mr. L. W. Leonard, 
1 favorably known by his previous labors in the cause of education, 
states, is conformed to Worcester's Dictionary. This Spelling 
Book should be carefully examined. We are satisfied that its 
merits are such as to render it worthy the attention of instructors. 

From the National Eagle, 
We think this Spelling Book is as great an improvement on 
preceding ones, as is Mr. Worcester's Dictionary on others, such j 
as Perry'l &c, which have been so long in our schools. It ought 
to be introduced into our primary schools, and is especially worthy 
of the examination of school committees, with that view. 



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